Animal Nutrition III (Ch. 41)

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Animal Nutrition III (Ch. 41)
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Keywords

• Ruminant digestion
• Symbiosis
• Definition
• Algal-invertebrate
• Chemoautotroph-invertebrate

• Hydrothermal vent
• H2S (sulfide)
• chemoautotrophy

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Basic parts of alimentary canal
Mechanical digestion
storage
absorption
mouth
anus
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Structure of cellulose
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Cecum

• Allows breakdown of cellulose in herbivores
• One opening and exit - lower oxygen, slower
  passage
• Digested cellulose must be reintroduced to
  digestive system

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Ruminant digestion
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Ruminant 4 chambered stomach

• Rumen and reticulum - where symbiotic bacteria
  and protists break down cellulose
• Cow rechews food
• Omasum - where water is absorbed
• Abomasum - further digestion by cows enzymes

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Symbiosis
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Autotroph-invertebrate symbiosis

• Symbionts are algae
• Algae photosynthesize and provide molecules such
  as sugars to the host
• Hydra, anemones, giant clams, corals

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Examples
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Chemoautotroph-invertebrate symbiosis

• Symbionts are chemoautotrophic bacteria
• Bacteria use hydrogen sulfide as an energy source
  and provide molecules such as sugars to host
• Tubeworms, clams, mussels

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Where do we find these organisms?
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Life at a vent
O2
H2S
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Respiratory surface of tubeworm
H2S
O2
Hb
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Oxygen and sulfide are transported to the bacteria
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Chemoautotrophy Bacteria oxidize sulfide and use
the energy for carbon fixation
H2S
O2
SO4
ATP
carbohydrate
ADP
Calvin-Benson Cycle
CO2