Mechanical Engineering English

1
Mechanical Engineering English
Lesson 3 Mechanical Engineering Design
????????
2
Introduction

• Conversations
• Reading
• Exercises

3
Method
Teaching
Discussion
Question
Self-studying
4
Background Situation

• Mechanical engineering
• Mechanical Engineering is an engineering
• discipline that involves the application of
  principle of
  
• physics for analysis, design, manufacturing, and
  
  
• maintenance of mechanical systems. It requires a
  solid
  
• understanding of key concepts including
  mechanics,
  
• kinematics, thermodynamics and energy. Mechanical
  
  
• engineers use these principles and others in the
  design and
  
• analysis of motor vehicles, aircraft, heating
  cooling
  
• systems, watercraft, manufacturing plants,
  industrial
  
• equipment and machinery, medical devices and
  more..
  

5

• Mechanical engineering could be found
  in many ancient and medieval societies throughout
  the globe. In ancient Greece, the works of
  Archimedes (287 BC212 BC), and Heron of
  Alexandria(1070 AD) deeply influenced mechanics
  in the Western tradition. In ancient China, there
  were also many notable figures, such as Zhang
  Heng(78139 AD) and Ma Jun (200265 AD). The
  medieval Chinese horologist and engineer Su Song
  (10201101 AD) incorporated an escapement
  mechanism into his astronomical clock tower two
  centuries before any escapement could be found in
  clocks of medieval Europe, as well as the world's
  first known endless power-transmitting chain
  drive.

6
Background

• During the early 19th century in Britain,
  the development
  
• of machine-tools led mechanical engineering to
  develop as a
  
• separate field within engineering, providing
  manufacturing
  
• machines and the engines to power them. The first
  British
  
• professional society of mechanical engineers was
  formed in
  
• 1847, making mechanical engineering the
  second-oldest
  
• branch of engineering behind civil, formed 30
  years earlier.
  
• In the United States, the first mechanical
  engineering
  
• professional society was formed in 1880, making
  it the third
  
• oldest type of engineering behind civil (1852)
  and mining
  
• metallurgical (1871).

7
Background

• The first schools in the United States to
  offer an engineering education were the United
  States Military Academy in 1817, an institution
  now known as Norwich University in 1819, and
  Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1825.
  Education in mechanical engineering has
  historically been based on a strong foundation in
  mathematics and science this is followed by
  courses emphasizing the application of this
  knowledge and studies in the social sciences and
  humanities to give the engineer a broader
  education.

8
Dialogue 1
??

• Mr. King How many books can you borrow from
  library at a time?
  
• Lily Usually, it is 5 books for an undergraduate
  and 10 books for a postgraduate at one time.
  
• Mr. King What about the English corner in your
  campus?
  
• Lily The English corner is held every Thursday
  evening. Teachers from the Foreign Languages
  Teaching Office help students to organize the
  activities and you can catch any interesting
  topic such as English studies, music, movies,
  books and traveling there. We do benefit a lot
  from it.

9

• Mr. King Do you have a habit of doing exercise?
• Lily Sure, we have a regulation of morning
  exercises, which guarantees us a healthy body.
  You can meet students undertaking different kinds
  of exercises if you take a walk in the morning on
  campus.
• Mr. King Would you like to comment on your
  instructor?
  
• Lily He is a man of profession and
  responsibility. Whenever you ask him for help, he
  will always be there without any hesitation.

10
Dialogue Two

• Mr. King How about the activities in your
  school?
  
• Lily It blooms in every corner of campus.
  Associations of different varieties organized by
  students with the same interest develop various
  popular activities such as Foreign Languages
  Festival and Computer Science Festival.

11

• Mr. King Do you like online games?
• Lily No, I dont. I believe such addicting is a
  waste of time and energy. It does have negative
  effects on our study.
  
• Mr. King How do you like your roommates?
• Lily We get along very well. Leading a dormitory
  life teaches me how to take others feelings into
  consideration. I appreciate it very much.

12
New words expressions

• segment 'segm?nt   n. ?? v. ??,?,?? vt. ??
• refinement ri'fainm?nt n. ??,??,??
• apparatus .æp?'reit?s   n. ??,??,??
• devise di'vaiz   v. ??
• distinctly di'sti?ktli   ad. ???,???,???
• empirical em'pirik?l   a. ?????
• constraint k?n'streint n. ??, ??,????
• invariably in've?ri?b(?)li   ad. ????,?????,???

13

• interrelate .int?()ri'leit   v. ????,??
• ecology i()'k?l?d?i   n. ???
• reinstate 'riin'steit   v. ?? vt. ????????
• assurance ?'?u?r?ns n. ??,??,??
• thrust ?r?st   n. ??,?,?? v. ??,??,?
• incorporate in'k?p?reit   a. ???,?????,????
  v. ??,????,????

14

• bugs b?gz n. ??,??
• unforeseen '?nf?'sin   a. ?????
• warrant 'w?r?nt   n. ????,??,???v. ??,??,??
• radical 'rædik?l   a.???,???,???,???n.
  ????,???,???flourish 'fl?ri?   v. ??,??,??
  
• eliminate i'limineit   v. ??,??,??
• supervisory .sjup?'vaiz?ri   a. ???,???
• ultimately '?ltim?tli   ad. ??,??
• inhibit in'hibit   v. ??,??
• cling to ??(??,??,??)

15
Text Mechanical Engineering Design

• Mechanical engineering design is a major
  segment of engineering, it deals with the
  conception, design, development, refinement, and
  application of machines and mechanical apparatus
  of all kinds. For many students, mechanical
  engineering design is one of their first
  professional engineering courses. Professional
  engineering is concerned with obtaining solutions
  to practical problems, and the engineers are able
  to devise better solutions to practical problems.

??
16
??

• 
  The most problems in mechanical
  
  
• engineering
  design do not have a single
  
• right
  answer. Hence, modern mechanical
  
• engineers are able to produce distinctly better
  solutions to meet
  
• todays needs. The engineer must use the best
  available scientific
  
• understanding together with empirical
  information, good
  
• judgment. When considering a complete machine,
  the engineer
  
• invariably finds that the requirements and
  constraints of the
  
• various components are interrelated. The modern
  engineer has
  
• become increasingly concerned with the broader
  considerations
  
• of safety, ecology, and overall quality of life.

17
??

• Good designs require trying new ideas and
  being willing to take a certain amount of risk,
  knowing that if the new idea does not work the
  existing method can be reinstated. Thus a
  designer must have patience, since there is no
  assurance of success for the time and effort
  expanded. Creating a completely new design
  generally requires that many old and
  well-established methods be thrust aside. This is
  not easy since many people cling to familiar
  ideas, techniques and attitudes.

18
??

• A design engineer should constantly
  search for ways to improve an existing product
  and
  
• must decide what old, proven concepts
• should be used and what new, untried
• ideas should be incorporated.

19
??

• New designs generally
  have bugs or unforeseen problems which must be
  worked out before the superior characteristics of
  the new design can be enjoyed. Thus there is a
  chance for a superior product, but only at higher
  risk. It should be emphasized that, if a design
  does not warrant radical new methods, such
  methods should not be applied merely for the sake
  of change.

20
??

• During the beginning stages of design,
  creativity should be allowed to flourish without
  a great number of constraints. Even though many
  impractical ideas may arise, it is usually easy
  to eliminate them in the early stages of design
  before firm details are required by
  manufacturing.

21
??

• In this way, innovative ideas are not
  inhibited. Quite often, more than one design is
  developed, up to the point where they can be
  compared against each other. It is entirely
  possible that the design which is ultimately
  accepted will use ideas
• existing in one of the
• rejected designs that did
• not show as much overall
• promise.

22
??

• Another important point which should be
  recognized is that a design engineer must be able
  to communicate ideas to other people if they are
  to be incorporated. Communicating the design to
  others is the final, vital step in the design
  process. Undoubtedly many great designs,
  inventions, and creative works have been lost to
  mankind simply because the originators were
  unable or unwilling to explain their
  accomplishments to others.

23
??

• Presentation is a selling job.
  The engineer,
  
• when presenting a new solution to
  
  
• administrative, management, or
  supervisory persons, is attempting to sell or to
  prove to them that this solution is a better one.
  Unless this can be done successfully, the time
  and effort spent on obtaining the solution have
  been largely wasted.

24
Exercises

• I Answer the following questions according to the
  text.
  
• 1. What does mechanical engineering design deal
  with?

It deals with the conception, design,
development, refinement, and application of
machines and mechanical apparatus of all kinds.
25

• 2. For many students, what is one of their first
  professional engineering courses?
  
• 3. What is professional engineering concerned
  with?
  

Mechanical engineering design.
Professional engineering is concerned with
obtaining solutions to practical problems.
26

• 4. What does creating a completely new design
  generally require?
  
• 5. What problems do new designs generally have
  which must be worked out before the superior
  characteristics of the new design can be enjoyed?
  

It generally requires that many old and
well-established methods be thrust aside.
Bugs or unforeseen problems.
27
II After reading the text, please decide whether
the statements are true or false.

• 1. For many students, English is one of their
  first
  
• professional engineering courses.
• 2. The most problems in mechanical engineering
  design
  
• have a single right answer.
• 3. Modern mechanical engineers are able to
  produce
  
• distinctly better solutions to meet todays
  needs.
  

( F )
( F )
( T )
28

• 4. Good designs dont require trying new ideas.
• 5. During the beginning stages of design,
  creativity
  
• should be allowed to flourish without a great
  number
  
• of constraints.

( F )
( T )
29
III Read the two passages and then try to put
them into Chinese.

• Passage 1
• The scientists and engineers in the USA
  have made a variety of gears, levers, rotor, and
  other mechanical parts the size of specks of
  dust. Such components may someday be assembled
  into tiny robots and various other kinds of
  microscopic machines designed
• to perform specific functions.

??
30

• The recent advances in the miniaturization of
  machine parts represent the beginnings of a new
  branch of engineering. But most currently
  available microdevices are sensors which react to
  changes in their environment, for example, by
  bending under pressure. With the coming of the
  microelectronics revolution in the computer
  industry in the 1970s, what had been fantasy
  suddenly seemed like a distinct possibility.
  Today, a growing number of researchers in the
  world are forging a new area of microscopic
  machines.

31
Passage 2
??

• This article elaborates the topic of
  developing Shenyang economy and undertaking
  historic tasks by college students from three
  aspects
• 1) The overall goal to develop Shenyang old
  industrial base
  
• Endeavor to build harmonious Shenyang with
  four into one, i.e., new style industrial city,
  legal and good credit city, advanced cultural
  city and model environmental city.

32

• 2) Conditions and opportunities to develop old
  industrial
  
• Base Shenyang has possessed the physical base for
  the
  
• development of old industrial base, and
  established
  
• system base, work base and talent base, formed
  better
  
• external developmental environment.
• 3) Improve the core professional ability of
  college
  
• students for contribution to Shenyang's
  development
  
• Build up correct life philosophy and stable
  dreams.
  
• Participate in social activity and train core
  professional ability.
  
• Strengthen professional skills to be an excellent
  skillful talent.

33
IV Fill in the blanks with the proper words given
below, changing the form if necessary.
??

• Manufacturing is the use of tools and labor to
  make
  
• things for use or sale. The term may refer 1
  a range
  
• of human activity, 2 handicraft to
  high tech, but is
  
• most commonly applied to industrial 3
  , in
  
• which raw 4 are transformed into5
  goods
  
• on a large scale.

to
from
production
finished
materials
34
??

• Mechanical Engineering is an engineering
  discipline that
  
• involves the 6 of principles
  of physics for analysis,
  
• design, manufacturing, and maintenance of
  mechanical7 . It
  
• requiresa solid 8 of key
  concepts 9 mechanics,
  
• kinematics, thermodynamics and energy. Mechanical
  10
  
  
• use these principles and others in the design and
  analysis of motor
  
• vehicles, aircraft, heating cooling systems,
  watercraft,
  
• manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and
  machinery, medical
  
• devices and more.

application
systems
including
understanding
engineers
35
The end
Thank you!
36
Translation
Back

• ??1
• ? ?????????????????
• ? ??,????????5?,???10??
• ? ??????????????
• ? ???????????????????????????????????????,???????
  ??????????????????????????????????????

37
Translation
Back

• ? ???????????
• ? ??,?????????????
• ?,?????????????????
• ????????????,??????
• ??????????????
• ? ???????????????
• ? ?????????????????
• ??????,????????????
• ????

38
Translation

• ??2
• ? ??????????????
• ? ???????????????????????????,???????????????????
  ????????????

Back
39
Translation
Back

• ? ?????????
• ? ??????????????????????????,????????????
• ? ???????
• ? ????????????????????????????????????

40
Translation
Back

• ??????????????????,???????,????,????,??????,??
  ???????????????????????,??????????????????????????
  ,???????,????????????????????????

41
Translation
Back

• ??????????????????????????,???????????????????
  ???????????,????????????????,?????????????????????
  ??????,???????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????,????,????????????????

42
Back

• ??????????????????,????????????????????,?????
  ????????,??????????,????????????????????????????,?
  ????????,?????????????????????,??????????????

43
Back

• ???????????????????????,??????????????????????
  ??,?????????????????

44
Back

• ?????????????????????,???????????????,????????
  ???????,??????????????,????????????????,??????????
  ??????,?????????????????????

45
Back

• ????????,???????????????,?????????????????????
  ?,????????,?????????????

46
Back

• ????,???????????????????????,?????????????????
  ???,???????????????????

47
Back

• ???????????????,??????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????,?????????????????????
  ????,???????????????????????????

48
Back

• ?????????????????????????????????????????????,
  ???????????????????????????????????,??????????????
  ????????????

49
Back

• ??????????????????????????,??,???????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????,?????????????,???
  ??????70??????????????,??????????????????????,????
  ????????????????????????????

50
Back

• ????????????????,???????????????
• 1) ??????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????
• 2) ?????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  
  
• 3) ????????????????????????
• a)?????????????????
• b)??????,?????????
• c)????????,????????????

51

Back

• Manufacturing is the use of tools and labor
  to make things for use or sale. The term may
  refer to a range of human activity, from
  handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly
  applied to industrial production, in which raw
  materials are transformed into finished goods on
  a large scale. Mechanical Engineering is an
  engineering discipline that involves the
  application of principles of physics for
  analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance
  of mechanical systems. It requires a solid
  understanding of key concepts including
  mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics and energy.
  Mechanical engineers use these principles and
  others in the design and analysis of motor
  vehicles, aircraft, heating cooling systems,
  watercraft, manufacturing plants, industrial
  equipment and machinery, medical devices and more.