von

1
Galileo galilei

• von
• Jenny Krone (12/1)
• Madline Riemer (12/3)
• Marcus Kossatz (12/3)

2
STRUCTURING

• biography
• scientific methods
• physics (kinematics)
• astronomical discoveries
• conflict with the church
• sources

3
BIOGRAPHY

• 15 February 1564 in Pisa
• son of a pauperized patrician family ? father
  scientist (mathematics)

• Italian mathmatician, physicist, astronomer and
  philosopher
• symbol of the fight for a scientific heliocentric
  system

4
BIOGRAPHY

• 1580 study of medicine in Pisa (abandoned) ?
  instead study of mathmatics
• 1589-1592 lecturer of mathematics in Pisa
• 1591 father ? financial problems
• 1592 1610 lecturer of mathematics in Padua
  (Venice)

5
BIOGRAPHY

• 1609 development of the telescope
• 1610 court mathematician of Florence

• 1624 journey to Rome ? demonstration of his
  telescope

6
BIOGRAPHY

• 1626 publication of
• Dialogo di Galileo Galilei sopra i due Massimi
  Sistemi del Mondo Tolemaico e Copernicano
• (Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems)
• 1632 order to appear before the Holy Office
• charge heresy
• court decision dungeon-arrest for life

7
BIOGRAPHY

• 1634 return to his villa near Florence (lifelong
  house arrest)
• 1638 complete blindness, retreat to a country
  house near Florence
• 8 January 1642 ? funeral within the family
  circle

8
SCIENTIFIC METHODS

• experimented with globes, models of boats,
  pendulums etc.
• observed their propertys while falling, swimming
  and swinging
• gauged their distance and their time of motion
• Galilei pioneered the use of quantitative
  experiments whose results could be analyzed with
  mathematical precision

9
SCIENTIFIC METHODS

• he checked the gauges of Greek philosophers like
  Aristotle for their validity
• he was a pioneer in performing experiments and in
  writing his observations down in his mother
  tongue
• he detected on the basis of these methods new
  findings and new inventions

10
PHYSICS

• invented, due to his advanced studys, a
  hydrostatic scale in 1586 which determined the
  density of solids
• constructed a thermometer in about 1593 to
  measure temperature and air pressure
• in 1597 invented a pair of compasses which were
  propotional for practical solutions to
  mathematical problems (precursor of a slide rule)

11
KINEMATICS

• discovered the laws of falling bodies in 1590

• he found out that in vacuum objects fall down
  just as fast as another irrespective of their
  shape, their consistence and their weight

12
KINEMATICS

• discovered a law of motion
• ? Newton's first law of motion
• body will continue moving on a level surface in
  the same direction at constant speed unless it
  will be disturbed

13
KINEMATICS

• Galileo assayed the pendulousness
• a swing of a pendulum always take the same amount
  of time, independently of its amplitude and its
  weight
• the time of swinging depends on the length of a
  pendulum

14
KINEMATICS

• he proposed the basic principle of relativity (at
  first in 1632)
• the laws of physics are the same in any system
  that is moving at a constant speed in a straight
  line, regardless of its particular speed or
  direction
• there is no absolute motion or absolute rest

15
ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES

• 1609 he hear about a telescope which was invented
  by Jan Lippershey- he decided to build his own
• the telescope consisted of a lens, a focus and a
  body

16
ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES

• moon he saw that the surface is rough and has an
  irregular pattern Galilei found out that the
  surface consists of hills and craters he draw
  the surface during the different phases he even
  estimated the mountains heights from these
  observations

17
ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES

• he discovered the effect of the "earthlight"

• Janaury 7, 1610 Galilei discovered three of
  Jupiter's four largest moons/satellites Io,
  Europa and Callisto he discovered Ganymede four
  nights later

18
ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES

• from September 1610 Galilei observed that Venus
  exhibited a full set of phases similar to that of
  the moon
• 1610 he also found out that at the Milky Way
  consists of countless individual stars
• at the same time he discovered the rings of
  Saturn but he thought that they were 2 moons

19
ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES
20
ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES

• 1612 he observed Neptune
• he thought that this planet is a dim star
• 1613 Galilei observed sunspot

• he confirmed the Copernican theory that
• everything circled around the sun

21
CHURCHCONFLICTS

• Bible earth was made by god, she doesnt move ?
  geocentric model
• Galileo tried to prove the heliocentric model by
  Copernicus ? conflict
• sentenced to silence, but published his Dialogo
  ? opening of a lawsuit
• Galileo was religius ? intention reform the
  church, not to split them ? belief to clarify
  the work of god by experiments and logic

22
CHURCH CONFLICTS

• Pope Urban VII human mind will solve gods
  riddle
• Sentence of inquisition comparatively mild

23
SOURCES

• de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei
• www.bildung.freepage.de/fbs/de_galil.htm
• Encarta 97
• Pictures
• Galileo (1) www.nmm.ac.uk (Maritime Art
  Greenwich)
• Rome (telescope) www.universe-review.ca
• Galileo (2) www.pbs.org
• Leaning Tower science.nasa.gov
• telescope www.marcdatabase.com
• moons of Jupiter berlinadmin.dlr.de
• Neptune www.aldebaran.cz
• Holy Office de.wikipedia.org