Alternative modes of clinical intervention

1
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2
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  ????? ????
• ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???
  ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????-???????
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• ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????
  ??????? ????? ???

3
Group Therapy

• Therapeutic factors in group therapy
• 1). Sharing new information
• 2). Instilling hope
• 3). Universality
• 4). Altruism
• 5). Interpersonal learning
• 6). Recapitulation of the primary family
• 7). Group cohesiveness

4

• The practice of group therapy
• Consist of 6-12 members
• Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous group
• Open vs. Close Group
• Group meeting are usually lasting 2 hours
• Marathon Group

5
Marital Family Therapy

• Focused on disturbed relationships
• Emphasize communication patterns within close
  relationships
• Couples Therapy (Marital Therapy)
• Relationship difficulties
• Conjoint therapy vs. Separation counseling
• Theoretical orientation
• Emphasize problem solving communication

6

• Family Therapy
• Aimed at changing patterns of family interactions
  so as to correct family disturbances
• System Theory emphasize three principles
• 1). Circular causality
• 2). Ecology
• 3). Subjectivity
• Identified client

7

• A wide variety of techniques
• 1). Behavioral point of view
• 2). Strategic, or Structural Family Therapy
• 3). Intergenerational Family Therapy
• Bowenian
• 4). Narrative, or Constructionist Approach
• Diagnosis in Marital Family Therapy
• Handbook of Relational Diagnosis and
  Dysfunctional Family Patterns(Koslow, 1996)

8
Psychosocial rehabilitation Prevention

• Ecological perspective
• means developing interventions designed to
  maximize the fit between individuals and
  specific environments that are likely to promote
  their adjustment

9

• Psychosocial rehabilitation
• Deinstitutionalization ????
• help patients normalize their lives, compensate
  for their impairment, achieve the highest
  possible quality of life in the community
• Goal Empowerment
• Four components of these programs
• 1). Understand their disorder
• 2). Learn community living skills
• 3). Case management
• 4). Coalition among professional, family,
  patients

10

• Preventive Interventions
• Public Health Gerald Caplan(1964)
• 1). Tertiary Prevention
• 2). Secondary Prevention
• 3). Primary Prevention
• Goal reduce the incidence of mental problems
• Risk Protective Factors
• Prevention Science
• Prevention-Centered Research

11

• Five basic methods of primary prevention programs
  
• 1). Encouraging secure attachment and reducing
  family violence
• 2). Teaching cognitive and social skills
• 3). Changing environments
• 4). Enhancing stress-coping skills
• 5). Promoting empowerment

12
Community Psychology????????? ???????

• ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????
  ??
• 1-??? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ???
• 2-??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???
• 2- ????? ??????? ??????? ???
• Ecological perspective
• Environmental settings individual competencies

13

• Principles methods of community psychology
• Social-system change
• Promoting a Psychological Sense of Community
• Paraprofessionals
• Use of Activism
• Use of research as a form of intervention

14
Self-help ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???

• Self-help movement
• Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) Group

15
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• 1- ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????
• 2-???? ??? ????? ????? ???
• 3-???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????
• 4). Significant-other Organizations
• 5). Physical Handicap Organizations

16
Clinical Child Psychology

• Characteristics unique to clinical child
  psychology
• Referral processes
• Developmental considerations
• Infant temperament
• Early attachment
• Parent-child interaction
• Childhood stressor

17

• Clinical Assessment of Children
• Behavioral Rating Scales
• Clinical Interviews
• 1). Parents, 2). Children
• Intelligence and Achievement Tests
• Projective Tests
• Behavioral Observations
• Family and Peer Interaction Measures
• 1). Peer Relations, 2). Family Interactions

18

• Classification of childhood disorders
• 1). Clinical Derived Systems
• DSM-?
• Categorical approach
• 2). Empirically Derived Systems
• Factor analysis
• Dimensional approach
• Externalizing vs. Internalizing problems

19

• Specific Childhood Disorders
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
• Childhood Depression
• Learning Disabilities
• Childhood Autism
• Treatment of Childhood Disorders
• Psychodynamic Therapy
• Behavioral Therapy
• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
• Psychopharmacological Interventions

20
Health Psychology

• Taylor(1995) Health Psychology
• Studying psychological influences on how people
  stay healthy, why they become ill, and how they
  respond when they do get ill
• Behavioral Medicine
• Biopsychosocial Model
• Psychosomatic or Psychophysiological disorders

21
Stress, Coping, Health

• Stress and the Nervous System
• Hans Selye (1956)
• General Adaptation Syndrome(GAS)
• Stress and Immune System
• Immunosuppression
• Measuring Stressors
• Life Change Unit

22

• Coping Strategies
• Refer to peoples cognitive, emotional, and
  behavioral efforts at modifying, tolerating, or
  eliminating stressors that threaten them
• Problem-focused Emotion-focused Coping
• Positive Psychology
• Social Support
• Buffer effect vs. direct effect
• Underlying characteristic(e.g.social competence)

23
Risk Factors for Illness

• Health-risky patterns of behaviors
• Psychological risk factors
• Risk factors for Cardiovascular Disease
• Stressor
• Type A Behavior Pattern (Hostility)
• Risk factors for HIV/AIDS
• Risky sexual activity

24
Illness Prevention Treatment Programs

• Cardiovascular Disease
• Pain
• Cancer
• HIV/AIDS

25
Improving Compliance with Medical Treatment
Regimens

• Causes of Noncompliance
• Interventions to Improve Compliance
• 1). Education
• 2). Modification of treatment plans
• 3). Behavior modification

26
Clinical Neuropsychology

• The field of study that endeavors to define the
  relationship between brain processes, human
  behavior and psychological functioning
• Historical Development of Neuropsychology
• Localization of Function vs. Equipotentiality
• Development of Neuropsychology Assessment
  Techniques
• Split-Brain Research
• Normative Studies

27

• Basic Principles of Neuropsychology
• Localization of fuction
• Lateralization of function
• Neuropsychological Assessment Techniques
• Batteries
• The Halstead-Reitan Battery
• The Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery
• Individualized Approaches
• Neurodiagnostic Procedures