Intel CPU for Desktop PC: Past, Present, Future

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Intel CPU for Desktop PCPast, Present, Future

• Cheng-Han Du

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Moores Law

• Proposed by Intel co-founder Gordon Moore
• The number of transistors that can be
  inexpensively placed on an integrated circuit is
  increasing exponentially, doubling approximately
  every two years.
• Similar phenomena can be observed in other
  computer-related technology.

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Intel-Based CPU The Past

• 80286
• 80386
• 80486
• Pentium
• Pentium Pro, 2, III (Celeron)
• Pentium 4, Pentium D
• Pentium Dual-Core, Core 2

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80286

• Great performance improvement compared with its
  predecessor
• 16-bit architecture
• CPU clock 6 25 MHz
• 1.5 micron process
• Milestone of personal computing

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80386

• 32-bit architecture
• CPU clock 16 40 MHz
• 1.5 1.0 micron process

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80486

• Pipelining
• Cache-in-chip
• CPU clock 16 100 MHz
• 0.8 micron process

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Pentium (P5)

• Superscalar two pipes
• U Handle any instructions
• V Handle the simplest and most common
  instructions
• 64-bit data path
• Not 64-bit instruction set
• CPU clock 60 300 MHz
• 0.8 0.25 micron process
• MMX (later models)

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Pentium Pro, 2, III (P6)

• Focus on enhancement of multimedia and gaming
  performance.
• CPU clock 150 1400 MHz
• 0.5 0.13 micron process
• Competitor AMD K5, K6, K6-2

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Pentium 4, Pentium D (NetBurst)

• Pentium 4
• CPU clock 1.3 3.8 GHz
• 0.18 0.065 micron process
• Fierce competition against AMDs Athlon
• Focus on high clock rate
• Pentium D
• Dual-core (2X1)
• CPU clock 2.66 3.73 GHz
• 90 65 nm process
• Hyperthreading

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Pentium Dual-Core, Core 2 (Core)

• Dual-core or Quad-core
• CPU clock 1.6 3.2 GHz
• 65 or 45 nm process
• Focus on performance per clock

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Recent Problem on CPU

• Current leakage
• Heat and cooling
• Power consumption
• Process size and physical limit

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Future Development

• Near-term
• More cores ? parallelism
• Smaller size
• Long-term
• Optical bus
• Optical processor
• Clockless CPU

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Other Possible Way?

• Next time video card