Science 9 - Physical & Chemical Properties

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What is Matter?
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In the Universe

• All things in our universe are made of
• Energy
• Matter the material of everything in the universe

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Energy

• Energy the ability to do work
• Some examples of Energy
• Heat
• Light
• Chemical

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Describing Matter

• Matter can be described through their
• Physical Properties the description of how a
  substance looks
• Chemical Properties the substances behaviour

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Physical Properties
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Physical Properties

• Descriptions you use to identify a substance
• You can use these properties to figure out what
  something is

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Physical Properties

• Lets look at some examples of chemical
  properties.....

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1) Hardness

• How difficult something is to scratch, dented, or
  bent.

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1) Hardness

• Lets compare the hardness of....

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1) Hardness

• Lets compare the hardness of....

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2) Melting Point

• Temperature at which something turns from a solid
  to a liquid

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2) Melting Point

• Iron
• 1538 ?C

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2) Melting Point
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3) Boiling Point

• Temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas
• Boiling points are different for different
  substances
• Example Salt Water, Pure Water, Oil

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3) Boiling Point

• Lets try it out......
• Water boils at _________
• Salt water boils at _________
• Oil boils at _________

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4) Viscosity

• Viscosity is the resistance of a liquid to
  flowing
• High Viscosity does not move
• Low viscosity moves easily

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4) Viscosity

• Lets guess the viscosity

• Honey has a ______ viscosity

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4) Viscosity

• Lets guess the viscosity

• Toothpaste has a ______ viscosity

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4) Viscosity

• Lets guess the viscosity

• Water has a ______ viscosity

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5) Solubility

• How much of a solute can be dissolved into a
  solvent

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5) Solubility

• You dissolve 10 grams of flour into 50 ml of
  water.
• What is the solute?
• Flour
• What is the solvent?
• Water

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Solubility Test of Sugar vs Salt

• Question?
• Will more sugar or salt dissolve in water?
• We test the solubility by adding
• 15 grams of Sugar into 3 tablespoons of water
• 15 grams of Salt into 3 table spoons of water
• We found that ______ has a higher solubility

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6) Conductivity

• Conductivity can be electrical or thermal
• Heat Conductivity ability of a substance to
  transfer heat
• Electrical Conductivity ability of a substance
  to transfer electricity

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Other Physical Properties

• There are other physical properties including
• Colour
• Smell (odour)
• Density covered tomorrow
• Malleability how easily a metal bends

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Chemical Properties
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Chemical Properties

• The behaviour of a chemical while it becomes a
  NEW substance
• Ex Burning Wood
• Release heat
• Makes smoke ash

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Chemical Properties

• Example 2 Sodium Carbonate and Acid
• Sodium Carbonate HCl ? Carbon Dioxide Water

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Chemical Properties
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Chemical Properties

• Lets look at some examples of chemical
  properties.....

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1) Light Sensitivity

• Some substances will change into new substances
  when exposed to light
• Ex. Medicine Bottles

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1) Light Sensitivity
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1) Light Sensitivty
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2) Combustibility

• The ability of a substance to BURN
• Note burning requires presence of oxygen (air)

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Is it Combustible?

• Wood.....

YES!
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Is it Combustible?

• Sand....

NO!
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Is it Combustible?

• Alcohol....

YES!
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Is it Combustible?

• Gasoline....

YES!
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Is it Combustible?

• Cement....

NO!