Cadastral System

1
Cadastral System
of Switzerland

• Political and admin. structures
• Legal basis and organisation of Official
  Surveying (AV)
• Digital reform and technical elements of AV93
• Profession and private sector

2
SWITZERLAND 7 million people 41'000 km2
3
Cantons of Switzerland
All 26 Cantons maintain political and
administrative bodies on their own
4
Swiss Civil Law(in force since 1.1.1912)
Art. 942 1 All rights on real estates have to be
registered in the land registry. 2 The land
registry consists of the main book with its
associated maps, the auxiliary registers (in
particular the list of property owners), the
deeds (records and evidences), the description of
properties, and the day book.
Art. 950 1 Registration and description of the
properties in the land register have to be done
on the basis of a map, which as a rule, has to be
the result of an official surveying. 2 The
Federal Council decides on which principles these
maps have to be based upon.
5
Swiss Cadastral System
Land Register
Official Surveying

• main book
• auxiliary registers (in particular the list of
  property owners)
• deeds (records and evidences)
• description of properties
• day book

6
Organisations involved in cad. system
Government
Federal Parliament
Valid since January 1999
Dept. for Defence, Civil Protection and Sports
Department of Justice- and Police


7 Federal Departments
Federal Level
Federal Office for Topography


Federal Office for Justice
Office of Land Registration and Land Law
Directorate of Cad. Surveying


Licensing Commission for Cadastral Surveying


26 Cantonal Governments

26 Cantonal Parliaments

21 Cantonal Surveying Offices
Cantonal Level
350 Cantonal and Regional Land Registry Offices




15 City Municipal Surveying Offices

270 Private Licensed Land Surveying Offices

Community Level
Private Notary Offices


7
Products of Office of Topography
National topographic maps in scales
125'000-100'000
125'000
150'000
1100'000
8
Products of Official Surveying
General Map 12'500-10'000
Cadastral Map 1250-5'000
110'000
11'000
9
Organisation of Official Surveying
Level
Tasks
Organisation
Federal Directorate of Cadastral Surveying
Federal legislation supervision
co-ordination subsidies
Confederation

15 employees
Canton
cantonal legislation carrying out
supervision verification
21 Cantonal Surveying Offices
300 employees
270 Private Land Surveying Offices 15 City
Surveying Offices
production maintenance services to
clients
Community
2800 employees 200 employees
and citizens
10
Reform of Official Surveying (RAV)
Reasons for Reform

• physical ageing process of cadastral maps
• age of technical regulations
• partial lack of maintenance (general maps)
• lack of flexibility in scale and information
  content
• new technical standards and possibilities
• big demand on (digital) geo-data

11
Legal act of the (new and extended) objective
Ordnance for Official Surveying (VAV, 1.1.1993)
Art. 1 Definition and Objective
Verordung über die Amtliche Vermessung (VAV,
1.1.1993) Art. 1 Begriff und Zweck 1 Als amtliche
Vermessungen im Sinne des ZGB gelten die zur
Anlage und Führung des Grundbuches vom Bund
anerkannten Vermessungen. 2 Die Daten der
amtlichen Vermessung sollen als Grundlage für den
Aufbau und den Betrieb von Landinformationssysteme
n dienen und für öffentliche und private Zwecke
verwendet werden können.
1 In terms of the Civil Law, cadastral surveying
is considered to be surveying approved by the
Confederation for the purpose of operating the
land registry. 2 The data of cadastral surveying
shall serve as basis for the establishment and
the operation of land information systems and
shall be suited for public and private purposes.
12
AV93 Step into the digital age

• Information content has not been changed compared
  with traditional cadastral surveying
• Definition of a data model with 8 information
  layers
• Data description with INTERLIS
• Possibility for the setting up of general land
  information systems LIS

13
AV93-layers according to VAV (1.1.1993)
8 Information Layers
Control points
Land cover
Single objects / line elements
Heights
Local names
Ownership
Pipelines gt5bar
Administrative subdivisions
14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
Data model
Entity-Relationship-Diagram for layer "Ownership"
18
Data description in INTERLIS
TRANSFER Data_Catalogue MODEL Basic_Data_Set
DOMAIN LKoord COORD2 480000.000 70000.000
840000.000 300000.000
HKoord COORD3 480000.000 70000.000
0.000 840000.000 300000.000
5000.000 Height DIM1 0.000 5000.000
Precision 0 .. 300 Reliability (yes,
no) LetterOrientation GRADS 0.0 400.0
Status (planned, valid) TOPIC Control_Points
......... END Control_Points TOPIC
Land_Cover ......... END Land_Cover TOPIC
Ownership DOMAIN Monumentation
(border_stone, plastic_peg, cross,
not_monumented) OwnershipType (parcel,
distinct_right,
construction_right, water_source_
right) OPTIONAL TABLE OwnershipMaintenance
Identifier TEXT12 Description
TEXT30 Perimeter SURFACE WITH (STRAIGHTS,
ARCS) VERTEX LKoord WITHOUT OVERLAPS gt
0.200 Validity Status Date1 DATE
Date2 OPTIONAL DATE Date3 OPTIONAL
DATE IDENT Identifier END
OwnershipMaintenance TABLE LimitPoint
OSKey OPTIONAL -gt OwnershipMaintenance
Identifier OPTIONAL TEXT12 Geometry
LKoord PositionPrecision Precision
PositionReliability Reliability
PointSymbol Monumentation Origin
OPTIONAL TEXT30 SymbolOrientation
OPTIONAL LetterOrientation !! Default 0.0
IDENT Geometry END LimitPoint END
Ownership. END Basic_Data_Set.
Data description in INTERLIS for layer "Ownership"
19
Reasons for a data description language

• flexible instrument for the definition of the
  data model
• unified interface for facilitating data exchange
  between different systems and data bases
• data transfer without information loss (real GIS,
  and not only CAD)
• guarantee of freedom of methods and systems
• quality assurance

20
Possible goal for cantonal LIS
Data maintenance, Data administration, Data output
Data acquisition
Information topic
Data owner
Canton (licensed surveyors)
Canton (licensed surveyors)
AV93
basic cadastral data
Canton
21
Technical standards
Since
Designation
Technical characteristics
Legal force
Digital, data model, layer principle, topology
Official Sur-veying 1993
Digital Data
AV93
1993
Transitional standard, does not fulfill all
requirements of AV93
Provisionally digitised
Paper maps
PN
1993
Completely numerical
Paper maps
Digital, attributes
VN
1985
Partial numerical
Paper maps
List of Co-ordinates
TN
1970
Traverse points with calculated co-ordinates,
co-ordinatograph
Semi-graphic
Paper maps
HG
1912
Paper maps
Plain table
GR
1850
Graphic
Provisionally approved
Paper maps
Plain table
pa
1850
22
Evolving Standards
Standards
AV93
PN
VN
TN
HG
GR
1850
1912
1970
End 1970s
1985
1993
2000
Time
1930s
Renovations (Upgrading)
First Surveys
23
Coverage of "Cadastral Map"
Date Jan. 2000
Standard
appro- ved
in pro- gress
AV93
6
(13)
PN
4
(3)
VN
6
TN
18
HG
23
GR
7
prov. appr.
13
still to survey
19
glacier
1
lakes
3
100
24
Profession

• all surveyors active in cadastral surveying are
  required to have the licence
• 4 ½ years of academic eduction at ETH
• 2 years of practical work
• practical exams for Federal licence
  (responsibility of Federal Directorate of
  Cadastral Surveying)
• professional association ("Schweiz. Verein für
  Vermessungs- und Kulturingenieure SVVK" and
  "Ingenieur-Geometer Schweiz IGS")

25
Role of Private Sector (1)
Main Tasks of Private Land Surveyors
26
Role of Private Sector (2)
2 Partners

• legislation (Federal and cantonal level)
• financing structure
• setting standards
• supervision
• co-ordination
• verification

• production
• maintenance
• service to clients
• innovation

27
Exam Question

• With regard to the Swiss Cadastre, discuss the
  multi-purpose aspect of spatial cadastral data.