Land Administration 451418607 Lecture 4 The Cadastral Concept

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Land Administration 451-418/607 Lecture 4The
Cadastral Concept

• Ian Williamson

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Objective

• To understand the role of the cadastre in the
  administration of a state or jurisdiction, its
  operation and components.

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The cadastral parcel and ownership rights
Source Land Administration (Peter Dale and John
McLaughlin)
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Egyptian surveyors at work
Source Land Registration and Cadastral Systems
(Gerhard Larsson)
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Plan made about 1600 1400 bc
Source Land Registration and Cadastral Systems
(Gerhard Larsson)
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History of cadastres

• Egyptians 3000BC
• Italy 1600BC
• Roman Empire 300AD
• Doomsday Book (William the Conqueror) 1076
• Maria Theresia Cadastre (Austro-Hungarian
  Monarchy ) 1792
• Napoleonic Cadastre 1807

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Extract from Swedish cadastral map
Source Land Registration and Cadastral Systems
(Gerhard Larsson)
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The basic building block in any land
administration system is the cadastral parcel.
The cadastre consists of two parts the
registers and the maps.
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(No Transcript)
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The definition of cadastre

• A cadastre is the core or basis of a land
  administration system and is defined as a parcel
  based and up-to-date land information system
  containing a record of interests in land (e.g.
  rights, restrictions and responsibilities).
• It usually includes a geometric description of
  land parcels linked to other records describing
  the nature of the interests, and ownership or
  control of those interests, and often the value
  of the parcel and its improvements (FIG, 1995).

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The International Federation of Surveyors
Statement on the Cadastre highlights the
importance of the Cadastre as a land information
system for social and economic development from
an international perspective and recognises the
central role that surveyors play in the
establishment and maintenance of Cadastres. The
statement does not recommend a uniform Cadastre
for every country or jurisdiction, but gives a
range of options in establishing and managing a
Cadastre.
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Effective land management requires land
information e.g. information about land resource
capacity, land tenure and land use. The Cadastre
is the primary means of providing information
about land. The Cadastre provides

• information identifying those people who have
  interests in parcels of land
• information about those interests (e.g. nature
  and duration of rights, restrictions, and
  responsibilities)
• information about the parcels (e.g. their
  location, size, improvements, value).

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Essential elements of a modern cadastre

• Large scale maps
• Registers
• Cadastre must be complete.
• Each parcel must have a unique identifier.
• Cadastre must be dynamic.
• Information must be correct.
• Information must be public.
• Cadastre must be supported by a coordinated
  survey system.
• The cadastre must include an unambiguous
  definition of parcel boundaries both in map form
  and on the ground i.e. cadastral surveys.

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A successful Cadastre should provide security of
tenure, be simple and clear, be accessible, and
provide current and reliable information at low
cost.
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Types of cadastres

• Legal cadastre supports land markets
• Fiscal cadastre supports land taxation
• Multi-purpose cadastre

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BENEFITS OF A MODERN MULTI-PURPOSE CADASTRE - A
modern multi-purpose cadastre can lead to
improved

• conveyancing system
• cadastral survey system
• land use planning, land management and
  environmental management
• sustainable development
• management of publicly owned lands
• reduction of duplication
• control of land transactions.

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Cadastral Issues

• Documentation of informal or customary rights
• Land registration (deeds, title, combinations)
• Land titling (sporadic and systematic)
• Parcels and properties
• Boundaries (fixed, graphical, general etc)
• Impact of technology

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The Cadastre is a land information system,
usually managed by one or more government
agencies. Since information about land parcels is
often needed by many different users, a unified
cadastre helps to avoid duplication and assists
in the efficient exchange of information.
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The role of cadastre in society some cadastral
models
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Sustainable Development

• Reference Enemark and Sevantal, 1999

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A parcel based land information systemSource
Ian Williamson
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Multipurpose cadastre components
Tenure and value records
Administrative records
Other parcel-related records
Resources records
Other records related records
Parcel id
Other Identifiers
Cadastral boundary overlay
Other overlays jhgjhjh
Data-exchange
Conventions
Base maps
Geodetic reference framework
Source National Research Council 1980
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The role of the cadastre in the accession of
Central European Countries to the European Union
Source Bogaerts et al, 2002
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CADASTRE 2014

• Translated into 19 languages
• Commission 7, FIG (1994-98)
• Strongly promotes
• multi-purpose cadastres which includes all public
  and private rights

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CADASTRE 2014 detected the following trends

• automation and linking of different LA systems
• multi-purpose cadastres (LIS)
• new LA legislation
• integration of different land administration
  organisations
• getting the private sector more involved

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Cadastre 2014 is a methodically arranged public
inventory of data concerning all legal land
objects in certain country or district, based on
a survey of their boundaries. Such legal land
objects are systematically identified by means of
some separate designation. They are defined
either by private or by public law. The outlines
of the property, the identifier together with
descriptive data, may show for each separate land
object the nature, size, value and legal rights
or restrictions associated with the land object.
(Kaufmann and Steudler, 1998)
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Principles highlighted in Cadastre 2014

• Show the complete legal situation of land,
  including public rights and restrictions.
• Separation between maps and registers will be
  abolished.
• Cadastral mapping will be defunct it will be
  replaced by modeling.
• Paper pencil cadastre will be replaced by
  modern technology.
• Cadastre will be highly privatized with public
  and private sector working closely together.
• Procedures for definition of private and public
  land objects will be identical.

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Exam Questions

• What is the "cadastral concept"?
• Discuss the reasons for the cadastral concept to
  evolve and the major changes that are occurring
  to the concept

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Tutorial 12 March (one hour)

• Two students are to discuss the UN-FIG Bogor
  Declaration on Cadastral Reform
• Two students are to discuss the UN-FIG Bathurst
  Declaration on Land Administration for
  Sustainable Development
• Both groups of students will highlight three
  major differences between the two declarations