Shaping the Cadastral Infrastructure for a Digital Future

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Shaping the Cadastral Infrastructure for a
Digital Future

• Craig Sandy
• Esri Australia

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Are Survey Plans dead?
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Cadastral Infrastructure
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History of Digital Cadastral Databases (DCDB)

• Important Date
• 1992 Meeting of the Surveyors- General
• The discussion included
• Reasons for DCDBs
• Methods to compile DCDBs
• Computing capability required to support DCDBs

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Main Reason DCDBs were becoming important

• The processes for updating and upgrading DCDBs
  are gaining considerable attention world-wide as
  GIS users recognise the importance of the
  currency, quality and content of the DCDB that
  underpins their GIS application. (Effenburg,
  Williamson, 1997)

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The uses of the DCDB

• The uses of the DCDB were growing rapidly, these
  included
• Environmental monitoring and mapping
• Asset management local government, utilities
  etc
• Defence and security
• Mining and exploration
• Forestry
• Management of road
• Mapping items of interest
• Spatial analysis etc

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Creation of DCDB and associated problems

• DCDBs are produced by
• digitising survey plans
• Importing sections of data from LGA, Utilities
• Challenges with DCDBs
• Digitising produces errors
• Errors compound as DCDB grow from the starting
  point
• Updating
• New surveys need to be rubber sheeted into
  existing DCDB structure, degraded new surveys

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Challenges faced with early DCDBs

• Accuracy
• Managing Assets

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What changed?

• Late 1990s the computing power of personal
  computers increased over 100 times
• Global Satellite Navigation Systems became a
  reality

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The change from DCDB to NCDB

• Numerical Cadastral Database (NCDB)
• NCDB is based on Geodetic Network
• Links the Survey control to the Cadastre
• Increased Spatial accuracy

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Other benefits of NCDB

• Create associations between spatial and non
  spatial data called topologies
• Modify either spatial or non spatial without
  impacting the topologies
• GIS Users have access to a spatially accurate
  base layers that can be updated more easily
• Surveyors have the ability to obtain two way
  transfer of information into and from the GIS
• Supports dynamic datums

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Direct link between surveyors and GIS

• Surveyors capture data
• Present in plan format (media or digital)
• Plan data entered in a database
• Parcel Fabric is updated with real survey
  measurement
• This is where the Survey plan can disappear

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Current installations in Australia

• South Australia 20 completed, using Esris
  Parcel Editor
• NT have a complete NCDB with legislation to
  enable titles to be legally represented by
  coordinates
• NSW is using a partial Parcel Editor solution
• Victoria, need funding for their business case
• Queensland about to begin a business case
• ACT and WA keeping a watching brief

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Tasmanian Spatial Information Framework

• 2008 Tasmania determined to create Spatial
  Information Framework (SIF)
• Cadastre considered important component to SIF
• 2011 received funding for SIF
• NCDB Enablement tender released May 2012
• August 2012 Esri Australia, Geodata Australia and
  Applied Land Systems as a consortium awarded
  tender
• September 2012 commenced Stage 1 of project
• Funding to June 2013.

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Tasmanian Spatial Environment

• The Land Information System Tasmania (LIST)
  established in late 1990s State SDI
• DCDB built from mix of 125,000 and 15,000
  mapping data
• Includes spatial representation of a range of
  interests
• Supplemented with updates and upgrades
• Titles Office introduced semi-digital plan
  examination (PC Plans)
• Database not structured to record survey
  information
• ESRI/Oracle/SDE based.

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Tasmanian NCDB Enablement Project

• Esris Parcel Editor capability chosen
• Most existing functionality to be retained
• Two stages proposed
• 1. Pilot over Launceston Municipality (40,000
  parcels)
• 2. Enable database and upload existing State data
• Stage 1 report by February 2013
• Stage 2 optional depending on outcomes of pilot
• Initial data load by reverse engineering
• Post project - progressive conversion to survey
  data input based on updates and project upgrades.

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Activities undertaken as part of Stage 1

• Review of current environment
• New Cadastral Data Model
• Create pilot database from this model
• Adapt US Local Government model
• Load pilot area data into the two databases
• Develop data management workflows
• Test updates and upgrades
• Demonstrate required functionality and resolve
  issues
• Report on pilot and recommendations for Stage 2.

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Stage 1 issues

• Complex array of owner and administrative
  interests
• Data loading from DCDB and multiple overlaps
• Features to include in fabric or retain in GIS
• Semantics of US LG model and varied attributes
• Specific functional requirements reflect current
  processes
• Need to separate tasks in pilot from compliance
  issues
• Time required to complete tender, finalise
  contract, agree on approach
• Scope change due to new software version 10.1
• Reliance on bespoke ArcEdit user interface.

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In Summary

• Cadastre still an important base layer
• Technology is providing the ability to better
  manage the cadastre
• Creates opportunities for Surveyors to embrace
  this technology and become spatial data managers
  again

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