Roman

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Roman Republic
Fall of the Roman Republic
Roman Empire
Fall of the Western Empire
Christianity
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2
Match the three people on the left, with the
corresponding items on the right1. Julius
Caesar a. founded the city of Rome
2. Aeneas b.
recalled by the Senate, but marched on
Rome with an army3. Romulus c.
legendary refugee from the Trojan War
who came to Italy
3
1. Julius Caesar b. recalled by
the Senate, but marched on Rome with an
army 2. Aeneas c. legendary
refugee from the Trojan War who came to
Italy 3. Romulus a.
founded the city of Rome
4
Identify four of the groups found in ancient
Italy (and don't say Cro-Magnon Man).
5
LatinsGreeksEtruscansCeltsCarthaginians
6
Identify two of the issues that the plebeians had
with the patricians.
7

• 1. marriage with patricians allowed2. right to
  elect a plebeian as consul3. debt relief4.
  tribune to protect them5. refused to fight in
  Rome's wars until their demands satisfied 6.
  land reform

8
Identify three ways in which the power of the
consuls was checked.
9

• 1. their term only lasted a year
• 2. they had partners
• 3. their partners had veto power
• 4. their actions could be vetoed by tribunes
• 5. they could be put on trial after their time of
  office

10
How did Hannibal's invasion of Italy hurt the
small Roman farmer?
11

• Hannibal's invasion destroyed farms throughout
  Italy, and left many Romans wounded or killed,
  which left many small farms inoperable. To
  compensate for the lack of labor, many wealthy
  Romans brought slaves over to work the land.
  Their increased production competed with that of
  the small farmer, which put more of them out of
  business, placing more land in the hands of the
  wealthy, and the cycle continued to repeat
  itself.

12
Why was Cincinatus revered as a Roman leader?
13

• After he had much of his family's property taken
  from him because of his son being convicted in a
  court, he left his farm and assumed command of
  Roman forces as dictator, and then left the
  office when victory was attained.

14

• How did Marius help bring about the fall of the
  Republic?

15
He started enlisting men into the Roman legions
who owned no land, which made them more likely to
demand land when they came back from foreign
campaigns.
16

• Identify two ways in which the traditional Roman
  office of dictator differed from Caesar's use of
  it, as dictator for life.

17
1. it was used in emergencies only (typically a
military emergenc)2. the office was usually
given up when the emergency was over
18
How did the long-term commands contribute to the
fall of the Republic?
19
The commanders got very wealthy and popular, and
able to control their legions to the point that
they could try to exact political concessions
from the Senate, upon their return.
20
What was the basic plan of the Gracchan reforms?
21

• Land would be taken from the so-called public
  land occupied by the wealthy aristocrats land
  would be given to Roman citizens who had no land
  themselves.

22
What epic poem did Virgil compose? How was this
poem used for Augustan propaganda?
23
Virgil composed the epic poem the Aeneid. This
showed the heroism of an early founder of the
Roman people, with whom Augustus identified, as
the founder of a new Rome.
24
What happened at the Battle of Teutoburg Forest,
and why was it so important in Roman history?
25
The Roman commmander Varus lost three legions
after the battle, Rome decided to keep its border
at the western river of the Rhine, as opposed to
the eastern river of the Elbe Germany would
never become a province of the Roman empire.
26
Identify two things that Augustus did to resolve
the problem with rebellious soldiers.
27
1. created an aerarium militare to guarantee the
soldiers a retirement check2. regular schedule
of service (16-20-30 years)3. held control of
the imperial provinces (with most of the troops)?
28
How did Augustus allow the Senators to share in
the glory of governing Roman provinces, without
giving them enough power to be dangerous?
29

• He controlled the imperial provinces, which had
  most of the legions, while allowing Senators to
  govern Senatorial provinces, where little
  fighting was taking place, and where there were
  few legions to command.

30
Identify the two constitutional bases of
Augustus' power in Rome.
31
1. Tribunicia potestas (tribunician power), to
veto the actions of any other magistrate2. maius
imperium proconsulare (more proconsular power),
to exercise authority over all governors in the
territories
32
What is the date usually given for the fall of
the Roman empire in the West? What was the name
of the last western emperor?
33
Romulus Augustus was deposed in 476.
34
How did Justinian impact the western Roman empire?
35
He tried to reunite the two h alves of the Roman
empire by reconquering the coasts of Africa,
Spain, and Italy and Sicily.
36
Identify two advantages for the Romans to settle
barbarians within their empire.
37
The barbarians would supply troops for the Roman
armies, and might be placed on farm land that had
become vacant.
38
Identify three of the reforms of Diocletian and
Constantine, to shore up the Roman empire.
39

• 1. increased the size of the army
• 2. created new military mobile units, that could
  respond to conflicts in a variety of areas
• 3. division of the empire (into 4, and then 2
  sections)?
• 4. stratification of society into enforced jobs
• 5. creation of a new capital in the east,
  Constantinople

40
Identify four factors that either caused, or were
the result of, the decline of the Empire
41

• 1. no access to slave labor
• 2. inflation and the debasement of currency
• 3. plagues
• 4. civil wars between Roman rulers
• 5. barbarian invasions
• 6. social stratification
• 7. population decline

42
What event spurred Augustine to write the City of
God?
43

• The sack of Rome in 410, and the subsequent blame
  for that on Rome's adoption of Christianity.

44
What was the significance of the Edict of Milan?
45
It mandated toleration for Christianity it
provided for the return of property that was
taken from Christians or their churches.
46
Identify the two major councils in the early
church, and the main ideas that they promulgated.
47
The Council of Nicea (325) stated that Jesus was
of the same substance (consubstantial) as God the
Father the Council of Chalcedon (451) stated
that Jesus had two natures, one divine and the
other human.
48
Identify the name of the heresy that Athanasius
combated, and what it taught.
49
The heresy of Arianism held that Jesus was not
God.
50
Define the terms monoepiscopate and patriarch
as they are applied the early Christian church.
51
Monoepiscopate refers to the rule by one bishop
over all the churches of a city/diocese.Patriar
ch refers to the bishops of five prestigious
cities in the early church Rome, Antioch,
Alexandria, Constantinople, and Jerusalem.