The Nation at War

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Chapter 24

• The Nation at War

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Reading Quiz

• 1.) The United States Open Door Policy affected
  trade policies in what foreign country?
• 2.) Tafts foreign fiscal policy was called?

• 3.)Wilsons initial course of foreign policy was
  called?
• 4.)Roosevelt called this his greatest
  accomplishment in foreign affairs?
• 5.)What was the Roosevelt Corollary?

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Writing Prompt pg. 704-705

• What are your thoughts on the SAT (Scholastic
  Aptitude Test) in regards to any preconceived
  notions about the difficulty or what types of
  questions are on the test?
• Do you think it is fair that your intelligence
  can be judged by a standardized test and why?
• What repercussions do students face for a poor
  performance on a string of standardized tests?
  (SAT, DSTP)

• Do you think the textbook makes a solid point
  that these tests may be biased or discriminatory
  still today?
• Explain the development of sociological and
  psychological advances that led to intelligence
  tests?

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American Foreign Policy

• Globalization and International Law and Precedent
  changed as the world grew closer in trade and
  alliances.
• The Isolationist World Power concern over
  domestic tranquility and economic security over
  foreign affairs.

• Presidents exerted strong influence over Foreign
  Affairs largely unchallenged. (Roosevelt, Wilson
  and Taft all did so.)
• The foreign policy pursued by the U.S. was
  nationalist driven and very aggressive.

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American Foreign Policy Cont.

• U.S. had a colonial policy for the Philippines,
  Puerto Rico and Guam.
• As the U.S. built up their Navy (Mahan),
  protected their colonies, their involvement in
  international affairs increased.

• Globalization due to increased technology and
  booming markets drew the U.S. into the
  international economy.
• Economics played (plays) a role in American
  Foreign Policy during this time.

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Panama Canal

• T. Roosevelt laid the blueprint for World Power
  status. He modernized the Army, increased the
  Navy and centralized influence and power in Latin
  America.
• Europe, Latin Americas original colonial powers
  accepted U.S. domination and influence there.

• Hay-Pauncefote Treaty of 1901 gave U.S., British
  permission to build a canal on the border of
  Panama and Columbia.
• Columbia rejected the agreement between the U.S.
  and Columbia to build the canal.
• Roosevelt sides with Panama to allow the building
  of the Canal. Uses military influence to get
  Panamas independence so the U.S. could build the
  canal.
• Cost 375 million dollars, laborers lives, yet
  firmly established American control in Latin
  America.

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Roosevelt Corollary

• U.S. policy in the Caribbean.
• -Purchased islands to keep out of the hands of
  other countries.
• -Established protectorates, subsidized
  governments.

• Protect the canal, promote regional stability,
  exclude foreign influence.
• -Latin American countries must keep their affairs
  in order or face American intervention.
• Lodge Corollary companies may not purchase
  harbors of military importance in the Caribbean.

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Adventures in the Far East

• Russo-Japanese War (1904) Japan becomes major
  power in Asia. Scares the U.S. due to proximity
  to unarmed Philippines nearby. (U.S. colony)

• Japan is angry at U.S. for Open Door Policy in
  China.
• Taft-Katsura Agreement (1905) U.S. recognition
  of Japanese domination of Korea, promise not to
  invade Philippines.

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Adventures on the Far East

• Relations strained due to U.S. discrimination
  towards Japanese Immigrants. (Exclusion acts,
  segregation)
• Gentlemens Agreement- Japan agrees to control
  the flow of Japanese farm workers into the U.S.

• 1907 U.S. Battleship Cruise
• Root-Takahira Agreement promise to maintain the
  status quo in the Pacific, uphold the Open Door
  Policy, and support Chinese independence. (U.S.
  makes most gains Japanese Economic Dependence)

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Taft and Dollar Diplomacy

• Taft continued Roosevelts foreign policy. And he
  pursued a policy of dollar diplomacy to promote
  American financial and business interests around
  the world.

• The idea was profit based but it also replaced
  economic ties with military alliances that
  provided economic boosts.
• Increase American influence over the world and
  its money.

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Tafts Dollar Diplomacy Cont.

• American constant push for a national economic
  advantage hurt foreign relations for the U.S.
• Japan becomes upset with American push for
  economic dominance in China, obviously violating
  the Open Door policy and the Root-Takahira
  Agreement of 1908.

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Wilsons Foreign Policy Directives

• The force of America is the force of moral
  principle. Moral Diplomacy
• An isolated, driven President, he believed in a
  world in which militarism, colonialism and war
  were brought under control.

• Wilson and Secretary of State William Jennings
  Bryan were inexperienced in Foreign Affairs.
• 1913/1914 Cooling off treaties
• His policies merited more action then
  Roosevelt's, eventually his Moral Diplomacy was
  ineffective and he used the Roosevelt Corollary
  and Monroe Doctrine as guidelines in dealing with
  Latin America.

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Conclusion American Foreign Policy

• American dominance continues in Latin America,
  building up economic dependence, military
  alliances (protectorates) established trends of
  supporting Govts. that support us.
• Japan-American relations remain slightly hostile,
  between Dollar Diplomacy and Open Door Policy,
  background for WWII.
• U.S. continues its move away from isolationism
  and towards nationalist, imperial world power.