SetUp: Publics Social Movements and Organized Interests

1
Set-Up Publics - Social Movements and Organized
Interests
PS 202 -- American Political Institutions and
Processes
Fall 2001
2
Three Modes of Public Participation
- Interest Groups
Elected Officials
Signaling Influence
Selection (and unified and divided government)
Signaling
Signaling
(Analysis, constituency, contributions,
coalitions)
Public Judgment
Mass Opinion
Privileged Groups
Latent Groups
Political Parties
Elections
Public Opinion
Interest Groups
Public Participation
3
Political Impact of Costs and Benefits of Policy
Distributive
Constituent
Redistributive
Regulatory
4
Typology of Interest Groups (Voluntary
Associations)
3/4 are occupationally based
1985 Survey - Jack Walker, Mobilizing Interest
Groups in America
5
Rick Halls stuff on lobbying
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The Effects of Campaign Financing
The Common Cause Conclusion
Prob(Vote)
?(Campaign Contributions)
Control for Additional Context
Prob(Vote)
?1(Constituency)
?(Campaign Contributions)
?2(Ideology)
?3(Party Affiliation)
?4(Issue Position)
?5(Campaign Contributions)
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The Effects of Campaign Financing -- The
Simultaneity Problem
Two-Stage Equation Model
The Vote
Prob(Vote) ?1(Constituency) ?2(Ideology)
?3(Party Affiliation) ?4(Issue Position)
?5(Campaign Contributions)
Contributions
Prob(Contribution) ?1(Constituency)
?2(Ideology) ?3(Party Affiliation)
?4(Issue Position) ?5(Votes)
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Astroturf mobilization
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Mobilization of Interest Groups
The Challengers
Poorly Mobilized
Well Mobilized
The Existing Stakeholders
Policy Monopoly
Polarized
Allied
Fragmented (Open to multiple coalition
strategies)
Split
10
Typology of Interest Groups (Voluntary
Associations)
Citizen Groups 24
1985 Survey - Jack Walker, Mobilizing Interest
Groups in America
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Policy Networks Concepts
Policy Subsystem
Macropolicy System
Micropolicy System
James Thurber
Disintegrated
Dominant
Competitive
Dominant
Competitive
Gais, Peterson, Walker
? Policy Agenda
? Group Mobilization
Jenkins-Smith Sabatier
Advocacy Coalitions
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Policy Communities
Policy Communities as Iron Triangles
Bureau
Interest Groups
Congress - Committees
13
Characteristics of Iron Triangles

• Stability
• Mutually Rewarding Relationships
• Consensus
• Internal Dispute Resolution

Autonomous and Impervious
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Policy Networks
Policy Communities as Iron Triangles
Policy Communities with New Groups
Policy Communities with New Groups, Congressional
Reforms
Policy Communities with New Groups, Congressional
Reforms, and Issue Complexity - Issue Network
Same General issue, but More Bureaus
Other Bureaus
Bureau
Experts
Congress - Subcommittees
Interest Groups
Congress - Committees
Stake Holders
Stake Challengers
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From Iron Triangles to Policy (Issue) Networks
Iron Triangles
Issue Networks
Fluidity

• Stability
• Mutually Rewarding Relationships
• Consensus
• Internal Dispute Resolution

More Episodic Interactions
Diversity
Conflict Expansion
Autonomous and Impervious
Open to External Influence