The Muscular System

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The Muscular System
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A. There are the 3 types of muscles
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1. Smooth Muscle

• Involuntary movement
• They fatigue but very slowly
• Found in the circulatory system
• Lining of the blood vessels
• Found in the digestive system
• Controls digestion
• Found in the respiratory system
• Controls breathing

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2. Cardiac Muscle

• Involuntary (thank goodness)
• Found ONLY in the heart
• Healthy cardiac muscle NEVER fatigues ? or else

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3. Skeletal Muscle

• Voluntary
• Looks striated - striped
• Attached to skeleton
• And yes they do fatigue
• Muscle fatigue activity ? what substance forms
  causing muscle fatigue???

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B. Tendons vs. Ligaments

• Ligaments connect bone to bone at a joint
• Ex. MCL, ACL
• Tendons connect muscle to bone
• Ex. Rotator cuff, patellar tendon

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Tendons vs. Ligaments

• The knee is held together by 2 tendons and 4
  ligaments (see diagram)
• ACL, MCL, PCL, and LCL

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C. Movement of skeletal muscle

• These muscles move when the brain sends messages
  to the muscle
• Always work in pairs
• 2 movements of skeletal muscle
• Contraction (shorten)
• Extension (lengthen)

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Practice these Movements

• Bend arm
• - biceps ? contract
• - triceps ? extend
• 2. Straighten arm
• - biceps ? extend
• - triceps ? contract
• 3. Bend knee
• - quadriceps ? extend
• - hamstrings ? contract

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More Movements

• 4. Straighten knee
• - quadriceps ? contract
• - hamstrings ? extend
• 5. Crunches
• - abdomen ? contract
• - back muscles ? extend
• Point toes
• - calf muscle ? contract
• - shin muscle ? extend

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D. Injuries to bones and muscles

• 1. Fracture
• - break in the bone
• - use x-ray to diagnose
• - most heal 100
• - 6 examples of fractures ?

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X-rays

• Show type and location of fracture.
• Where are these injuries?

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• 2. Sprain
• Ligament or tendon gets torn or pulled
• Causing pain and swelling
• Never fully heals

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• 3. Dislocation
• - bone gets forced out of its joint
• - treatment
• push back in Ouch!