Strong Minds, Strong Bodies

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Strong Minds, Strong Bodies
Welcome

• American School Foodservice Assn.
• Annual National Conference
• July 20, 2003

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Dayle Hayes, MS, RD
Owner and Founder, Nutrition for the
Future Billings, MT

• Award-winning author and educator
• Sought-after national speaker and workshop leader
  for professional and consumer groups
• Articles frequently appear in School Foodservice
  and Nutrition
• Outstanding Community Health Promotion Program
  Award from Centers for Disease Control and
  Prevention
• Past member, The American Dietetic Association
  (ADA) Board of Directors
• ADA state media spokesperson
• Past president of the Montana Dietetic
  Association
• Graduated summa cum laude from University of
  Massachusetts-Boston masters in community
  health education from University of
  Massachusetts-Amherst

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Mary K. Young, MS, RD
Executive Director, Nutrition National
Cattlemens Beef Association Denver, CO

• Leads all activities regarding nutrition strategy
  and communications
• Beef industry spokesperson frequently quoted in
  national news stories
• Founding member of the Dietary Guidelines
  Alliance
• Previously the nutrition specialist for the
  University of Chicago Hospitals coordinated
  nutritional care for transplant patients and
  served as nutrition spokesperson
• Leadership positions in the Society for Nutrition
  Education, Dietitians in Business and
  Communications, The Illinois Dietetic Association
  and The American Dietetic Association
• Masters degree in nutrition from Rush University
  in Chicago

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Secret Strategies
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Secret Strategy to Improve

• Attendance
• Energy levels
• Behavior (students and teachers)
• Test scores
• Academic success

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Secret Strategy to Reduce

• Absences
• Fatigue
• Irritability
• Apathy
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Infections/Illness

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Nutrition
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Fitness
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Learning Objectives

• Advantages of consuming adequate nutrition
• Newest findings on how nutrition affects
  childrens mental and physical performance
• How school foodservice meals contribute to
  nutrients that influence cognition
• How one of school foodservices favorite foods
  beef contributes
• Resources

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Todays Agenda
Creating Strong Minds
Shaping Strong Bodies
Toolbox for Change
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Creating Strong Minds

• An empty stomach will not listen to anything.
• Spanish
  proverb

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Nutrition and Academic Performance
Creating Strong Minds

• The reason for school feeding programs
• Even short-term nutrient deficiencies affect
  performance
• Hunger interferes with the ability to learn

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Cognition Is
Creating Strong Minds

• Mental processes by which knowledge is required
• Ability to perceive, think and remember
• Ability to stay on task, pay attention

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Influence of Nutrition on Cognition
Creating Strong Minds

• Overall diet quality
• Protein/energy malnutrition
• Iron and zinc deficiency

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U.S. ChildrenOverfed but Undernourished
Creating Strong Minds
Teenage boys doing okay except for fruits All
girls not doing well especially on vegetables,
fruits and meats
Source U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service, Pyramid Servings
Intakes by U.S. Children and Adults 1994-96,
1998, Community Nutrition Research Group,
October, 2000 http//www.barc.usda.gov/bhnrc/cnrg
. Minimum number of servings from grain group
6, vegetable group 3, fruit group 2, dairy
group 2, meat group 5 ounces or equivalent.
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Nutrient Deficiencies in the Land of Plenty
Creating Strong Minds
Source Updated Analysis of the 1994-96, 1998
Continuing Survey of Food intake by Individuals
(CSFII), Final Report prepared by Bermudez
Consultenos International, August 2002.
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for
Phosphorus, Magnesium (1997) RDA for Thiamin,
Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12
(1998) RDA for Iron, Zinc (2001).
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Role of Dietary Protein
Creating Strong Minds

• Long-lasting energy source
• Feeling of satisfaction after eating
• Lack of protein can retard growth impair brain
  function
• Sources High-quality from meat dairy veg
  grain smaller amounts

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Role of Dietary Iron
Creating Strong Minds

• Red blood cell development
• Energy production
• Brain development
• Immune support

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Iron Deficiency
Creating Strong Minds
Iron is the leading nutritional deficiency in the
U.S. affecting 7.8 million adolescent girls and
women in their childbearing years (CDC)
Percent of Kids NOT MEETING RDA for Iron
Source Updated Analysis of the 1994-96, 1998
Continuing Survey of Food intake by Individuals
(CSFII), Final Report prepared by Bermudez
Consultenos International, August 2002.
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) Iron (2001).
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Lack of Iron Hurts!
Creating Strong Minds

• Children with low iron levels had greater than
  twice the risk of scoring below average in math
  tests
• Girls even more at risk
• Is this why girls traditionally score lower on
  math tests???

Source Iron deficiency and cognitive achievement
among school-aged children and adolescents in the
United States. Halterman JS, et al. Pediatrics.
2001 Jun107(6)1381-6
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Iron Deficiency Lingering Problems
Creating Strong Minds

• Effects of severe iron deficiency can last 10
  years after treatment. Severe, chronic iron
  deficiency in infancy can cause delays in
• Children with severe iron deficiency as infants
  are also more likely to

• arithmetic achievement
• spatial memory
• written expression

• motor functioning
• selective recall

• repeat a grade
• be referred for special services
• experience anxiety/depression problems
• experience social problems
• experience attention problems

Source Poorer behavioral and developmental
outcome more than 10 years after treatment for
iron deficiency in infancy. Lozoff B, et al.
Pediatrics. 2000 Apr105(4)E51
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Iron Deficiency in Preschoolers
Creating Strong Minds

• Poor performance on cognitive tests involving
• Short-term memory
• Attention
• Visual problem solving

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Iron Deficiency in Primary School Children and
Adolescents
Creating Strong Minds

• Associated with poor academic performance
• Increasing iron intake improves test scores and
  ability to focus on tasks

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Usable Iron
Creating Strong Minds

• Heme Iron
• Found in animal products
• Easily absorbed by the body
• Nonheme Iron
• Found in plant sources
• Not as readily absorbed

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Usable Iron
Creating Strong Minds

• Meat Factor
• Eat meat with plant sources to increase
  absorption
• Vitamin C with plant sources
• Everyday Applications
• Chili beans with ground beef and tomatoes tacos

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Sources of Iron in the U.S. Food Supply
Creating Strong Minds
Source Cattlemens Beef Board and National
Cattlemens Beef Association. Iron in Human
Nutrition. 3rd edition. 2002
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Creating Strong Minds
Nutrition IQ
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Role of Dietary Zinc
Creating Strong Minds

• Brain development and functioning
• Central nervous system
• Supports immune system to fight illness

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Zinc Deficiency
Creating Strong Minds
38 of Americans DO NOT Meet RDA for Zinc
Percent of Kids NOT MEETING RDA for Zinc
Source Updated Analysis of the 1994-96, 1998
Continuing Survey of Food intake by Individuals
(CSFII), Final Report prepared by Bermudez
Consultenos International, August 2002.
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) Zinc (2001).
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Research Links Zinc to Cognition
Creating Strong Minds

• Zinc deficiency can lead to
• Structural malformations in the brain
• Chemical functions of the brain not working
  correctly
• Behavioral problems
• Reduced attention span
• Reduced memory
• Reduced ability to learn

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Research Links Zinc to Cognition
Creating Strong Minds

• Once deficiency was corrected, zinc proved
  essential to normal cognitive development and
  function
• Tasks most improved in children treated with zinc
  after other nutrient deficiencies were corrected
• Motor skills
• Eye-hand coordination
• Visual perception
• Short-term memory
• Concept formation
• Abstract reasoning
• Effects of repletion with zinc and other
  micronutrients on neuropsychologic performance
  and growth of Chinese children. Sandstead HH, et
  al. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1998
  Aug68470S-475S

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Usable Zinc
Creating Strong Minds
Zheng JJ, Mason JB, Rosenberg IH, et al.
Measurement of zinc bioavailability from beef and
a ready-to-eat breakfast cereal in humans
application of a whole-gut lavage technique. Am
J Clin Nutr. 1993 58 902-907.
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Sources of Zinc in the U.S. Food Supply
Creating Strong Minds
Source Cattlemens Beef Board and National
Cattlemens Beef Association. Zinc in Human
Nutrition, 2nd edition, 2002.
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Creating Strong Minds
Nutrition IQ
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School Foodservice A Great Source of Protein,
Iron and Zinc
Creating Strong Minds

• Beef is a major source of protein, iron and zinc
  for American children and adults
• 1 source of protein
• 1 source of zinc
• 3 source of iron
• Only enriched breads and cereals provide more
  iron to the U.S. food supply than beef

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Creating Strong Minds
One of Natures Best-Tasting Multivitamins Beef
Source USDA Agricultural Research Service, 2002.
USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference,
Release 14 (NDB 13012). Institute of Medicine,
Food and Nutrition Board, Standing Committee on
the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference
Intakes, National Academy Press, 1998-2001.
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Surprise Lean Ground Beef
Creating Strong Minds

• 90 or higher lean ground beef meets criteria for
  lean label
• Low fat
• Low saturated fat
• Low cholesterol
• New USDA nutrient data released in 2002
• 75 to 95 lean formulations

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Surprise Lean Ground Beef
Creating Strong Minds

• 95 lean ground beef has ½ the total fat of
  ground turkey

Source U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service, 2002. USDA
Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release
15. Nutrient Data Laboratory homepage
www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp 1. Based on a
3-ounce cooked serving of ground beef, 95
lean/5 fat, pan broiled (NDB No 23559) 2. Based
on a 3-ounce cooked serving poultry food
products, ground turkey (NDB No 05306)
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Bigger Surprise Lean Ground Beefs Nutrient
Contribution
Creating Strong Minds
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Shaping Strong Bodies
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9-1-1 Our Kids Need Help!
Shaping Strong Bodies

• Nutrient deficiencies
• Little physical activity
• Overweight
• Dysfunctional eating
• Adult diseases in kids

Overfed Undernourished
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Fitness Improves Academic Achievement
Shaping Strong Bodies
Source California Teachers Association, 2001
www.cta.org
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Key Nutrients Fuel Activity
Shaping Strong Bodies

• Adequate, naturally nutrient-rich calories are
  necessary to support daily energy needs
• Protein
• Muscle growth and metabolism
• Loss of muscle mass declines in metabolic rate
• Increased need with increased activity

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Key Nutrients Fuel Activity
Shaping Strong Bodies

• Iron
• Important role in metabolism energy production
• Increased activity can compromise iron stores
  unless we are eating enough iron-rich foods
• Deficiencies a real concern for girls women
• 32 of 12-18 year-old female athletes at a
  national training center had iron deficiency
• Research shows that adding beef to diets of
  athletes improves fitness and performance

Source Constantini et al. Iron status of highly
active adolescents Evidence of depleted iron
stores in gymnast. Int J Sport Nutr Ex Metab.
2000. 1062-70 SourceRoseann Lyle, Ph.D.,
F.A.C.S.M., Professor of Health Promotion,
Purdue University
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Key Nutrients Fuel Activity
Shaping Strong Bodies

• Zinc
• Muscle contraction
• Energy production
• Needed so protein can rebuild muscle tissue

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Please DONT Take Your Seats!
Shaping Strong Bodies

• Nearly half of 12-21 year-olds are not vigorously
  active on a regular basis
• 14 of young people report no recent physical
  activity
• Inactivity is more common among
• Females (14) than males (7)
• Black females (21) than white females (12)
• 49 of U.S. high school students are enrolled in
  a PE class
• Only 27 take PE daily

Source www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/sgr/adoles.htm
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Shaping Strong Bodies
More American Children Are OverweightThan Ever
Before
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
63-70
71-74
76-80
88-94
99
01
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U.S. ChildrenOverfed but Undernourished
Shaping Strong Bodies
Source U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service, Pyramid Servings
Intakes by U.S. Children and Adults 1994-96,
1998, Community Nutrition Research Group,
October, 2000 http//www.barc.usda.gov/bhnrc/cnrg
. Minimum number of servings from grain group
6, vegetable group 3, fruit group 2, dairy
group 2, meat group 5 ounces or equivalent.
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Nutrient Deficiencies in the Land of Plenty
Shaping Strong Bodies
Source Updated Analysis of the 1994-96, 1998
Continuing Survey of Food intake by Individuals
(CSFII), Final Report prepared by Bermudez
Consultenos International, August 2002.
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for
Phosphorus, Magnesium (1997) RDA for Thiamin,
Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12
(1998) RDA for Iron, Zinc (2001).
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Top-Heavy Pyramid
Shaping Strong Bodies
40 of Calories
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Young LR, Nestle M. American Journal of Public
Health 2002, vol. 92, pp. 246-249., as appearing
in From Wallet to Waistline The Hidden Costs of
Super Sizing, The National Alliance for
Nutrition and Activity, June 2002
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Portion Distortion
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Portion Distortion
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Portion Distortion
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The Other Side Is Just as Scary
Shaping Strong Bodies

• 7-11 million Americans have eating disorders
• 10 of high school girls
• Dysfunctional eating habits
• Avoidance of certain foods

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Extreme Fat Avoidance Weak Bones
Shaping Strong Bodies
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Diabetes in Kids
Shaping Strong Bodies

• About 17 million Americans have diabetes
• Nearly 6 of U.S. population
• Mostly Type 2 diabetes with rapid increases among
  teens and children as young as 10 years
• No longer adult-onset
• 1/3 of U.S. children born in 2000 likely to
  develop diabetes unless lifestyle changes
• Higher rates of diabetes among African American,
  Native American and Mexican American populations

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Diabetes in Kids
Shaping Strong Bodies

• Increases long-term serious health risks
• Blindness, kidney failure, amputation and heart
  disease
• Affects quality of life and ability to focus,
  study and learn at school
• Type 2 diabetes can be prevented or delayed by
  maintaining a healthy weight through regular
  physical activity and sensible eating

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Toolbox for Change
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You Can Influence
Toolbox for Change

• Schools overall commitment to nutrition and
  activity
• Quality school meals
• Healthy food options
• Pleasant eating experiences
• Nutrition education
• Marketing healthy school meals

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Kids Need Positive Messages
Toolbox for Change

• If we continue to focus on weight, dieting and
  exercise then we can expect the situation to
  continue

Diets Yucky food, deprivation Exercise
Sweaty, painful work
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Schools Need Changes at Many Levels
Toolbox for Change

• Events
• One time
• Unique
• Individual
• Short-term
• Non-sustaining

• Environment
• On-going
• Repeated
• Policy-level
• Long-term
• Sustaining

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Toolbox for Change
Kids and Schools Need YOU

• Events
• Walk to School Day

• Environments
• Opportunities for daily activity

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Toolbox for Change
Kids and Schools Need YOU
NOW more than ever!
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Toolbox for Change
Resources
THE POWER OF CHOICE
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Toolbox for Change
Resources
www.montanadieteticassociation.org/promo.html
Guidelines for Childhood Obesity Prevention
Programs Promoting Healthy Weight in
Children www.sne.org/
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Toolbox for Change
Resources

• www.beefnutrition.org
• www.beeffoodservice.com
• www.beefitswhatsfordinner.com
• www.cool-2b-real.com
• (for preteen girls)

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Strong Bodies, Strong Minds

• Pick up your take-home toolkit today
• For the PowerPoint file of this presentation
  and lots of other great graphics and
  presentations go to
• www.beefnutrition.org
• or
• www.beeffoodservice.com

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Who Benefits?
Families
Administrators
Teachers
Students
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Questions?
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Contact Information

• Mary K. Young, MS, RD
• National Cattlemens Beef Association
• 9110 E. Nichols Ave.
• Centennial, CO 80112
• mkyoung_at_beef.org
• 303-850-3364

• Dayle Hayes, MS, RD
• Nutrition for the Future
• 3112 Farnam Street
• Billings, MT 59102
• EatWellatSchool_at_aol.com
• 406-655-9082