Ancient Rome

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Ancient Rome

• Republic to Empire

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The Roman Republic
People of Italy Latins Phoenicians/Greeks Etrus
cans
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Latinos

• Attributes include
• Brought horses
• Introduction of the pottery wheel
• Their language became the language of Italy
  today

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Phoencians/Greeks

• Attributes include
• Excellent sailors
• World traders
• Learned the alphabet and taught it to their trade
  partners

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Etruscans

• Attributes include
• ? Building of city walls, engineering of the
  Forum, and construction of a sewer system
  to the Tiber River
• ? Temples built and decorated Etruscan style
• ? Class system
• ? Religious beliefs

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People of Italy
Latinos
Phoenicians/Greeks
Etruscans
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The Republic

• Starts in 509 BC
• Citizens had the right to elect their leader
  (unless you were a slave or woman)
• Leader ruled in the name of the people
• Policy lasts for over 500 years

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Class System
Patricians


A group of wealthy land owners
Plebeians


Common people. Farmers, artisans, small merchants
Prisoners of war, plebeians in too much debt.
Not Citizens and could not vote!


Slaves
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Compare and Contrast
WHO?
WHY?
Patricians


Mrs. McFarlin
?


Plebeians

?

Slaves
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Early Roman Government

Patricians
Senate Foreign and Domestic Policies
Led by 2 consuls
Had Veto Power
Served 1 year total
Enforced the laws of Rome
Controlled the Army
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Early Roman Government
Plebeians
The Popular Assembly
Had very little power
Approved by Patrician consuls
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Early Roman Government
Dictator
Mr. Powell
Appointed in times of crisis
Only held the position for six months
Had absolute power
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Romes Social HierarchyCompare and Contrast
these groups
Patricians
Slaves
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Timeline TimeChoose a partner and sequence the
information we know so far
People of Italy
Early Government
The Republic

• Who are they?
• Name one thing each group gave Rome.
• Put them in order as they governed Rome.

• Who elected the leaders?
• How long did this last?
• Rank the 3 social classes.
• Who made up each class?

• Who controlled the government?
• What part of government did slaves hold?
• When did they need a dictator? How long?

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The Roman Army

• Participants
• - Patricians at first
• - Later, patricians and plebeians would
  serve
• Threats
• - Etruscans and Gauls

• Weapons
• - Javelins, slings, spears, and swords
• Legions (6,000 soldiers)
• - Each legion divided into smaller units

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Plebeians Want Changes!

• Plebeians want to fight in wars and they want
  more rights.
• So

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The Great Divide
Composed of Roman Army
Plebeians
Passed Laws
10 elected tribunes to speak for them
The Assembly of Centuries
The Assembly of Tribes
Elected Consuls

• Always patricians
• Registered the population for voting and taxing

• First written law code
• Posted in the Forum

Refused to fight without more rights
Chose the censor
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Allowed to be consuls and members of senate
The Great Compromise
Composed of Roman Army
10 elected tribunes to speak for them
Passed Laws
The Assembly of Centuries (Patricians)
The Assembly of Tribes (Plebeians)
Tribunes had veto power now
Elected Consuls
Registered people for voting and taxing
Marriages between plebeians and patricians okay
now
Chose the censor
Allowed to pass laws
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Timeline TimeChoose a partner and sequence the
information we know so far
The People of Italy
The Republic
Early Government
Changes in Government
Roman Army
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The Roman Family(Men)
Large Families
Larger Army
Rewards


Bachelors
Penalties given

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Roman Fathers
Taught their children (History)
Sold children into slavery
Extremely strict
Wealthy men were educated
Abandoned infants
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The Roman Family(Women)
Rights
Social Roles

• They were citizens
• They could testify in court
• They could not vote or hold office
• Later
• They could own property
• They could create their own will

• Shared in household decisions
• Supervised children and slaves
• - Could attend public festivals and the theater

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Religion
Polytheistic worshipped many gods
Vesta Goddess of hearth Prayed to daily
Jupiter Ruler of the Universe
Venus
Mars
Goddess of love
God of war
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The Expansion of Rome
1st Punic War
2nd Punic War
Final Punic War

• Lasted only 3 years
• Roman legions destroyed Carthage
• Massacred the people
• Took Carthage as their territory

• Rome had to keep up with Carthages strong navy
• Lasted 23 years on land and water
• Carthage paid to surrender
• Gave up Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica

• Hannibals revenge
• Carthage marched with elephants
• Lasted 17 years
• Carthage paid heavy fine
• Gave up Spain

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After the Punic Wars
Lands became provinces headed by
Governors
In charge of tax collection and defense
Did not require people to change their customs
Some built roads and set up economies
Others accepted bribes
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Timeline TimeChoose a partner and sequence the
information we know so far
Early Government
The People of Italy
The Republic
Roman Army
Roman Family
Changes in Government
Religion
Expansion of Rome
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Introduced to the Hellenistic Civilizations (the
spread of Greek culture to the non-Greek lands
conquered by Alexander the Great)
Especially science and medicine
Positive Effects
Trade and commerce (business) increased
Wealth accumulated
Paid tributes (forced payment) of grain paid in
grain
Changes In Rome
Small Roman farmers lost their land
Drove down prices
Farm land bought at extremely low prices by
wealthy traders
Acquired latifundias (large estates)
Negative Effects
Slaves had to work the land
Mobs formed Violence erupted
Poor and landless people move into Rome
More farmers had to sell their land
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The Decline of the Republic
The poor, landless, and plebeians roamed the
streets
Senate was full of wealthy men not concerned
about the poor
Gaius and Tiberius Gracchus (Leaders of the Poor)
Poverty Problems
Killed by gangs of wealthy nobles

• Urged the Senate to
• Limit the size of large estates
• Redistribute land to the poor
• Settle landless farmers

Led violent revolts
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Slaves Revolt 133 BC 44 BC)
Senate calls out legions to stop the revolts
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Changes in the Roman
Army
Army will include landowners and landless soldiers
As a result, the soldiers pledged more allegiance
to the generals
Landless soldiers promised loot (money) by
generals
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Civil War develops between two
generals (Lucius Cornelius Sulla
)
Lucius Cornelius Sulla VICTOR OF WAR
Abolished law of limited term for dictator
Generals rule for the next 40 years in Rome
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The First Triumvirate (Three Man Alliance)
Julius Caesar
Marcus Lucius Crassus
Many military victories in Spain
Wealthy General
Ran for Consul
Feared by Senate, well liked in Rome
Senate blocked his election
Ruling Rome by 60 BC
Gnaeus Pompey
Successful General
Conquered land in Asia Minor, Syria, and Palestine
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Crassus dies in battle (53 BC)
And the POWER goes to
Pompey
Caesar
Busy battling/winning land in Gaul and Britain
Getting nervous over Caesars popularity
Pompey orders him to return to Rome and break up
his legions
Gets the support of the Senate (49 BC)
Caesar refuses and marches toward Rome
Pompey declares a civil war
Caesar crosses the Rubicon River (the final straw)
Pompeys legions are crushed
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The Rule of Caesar
Cleopatra
Dictator for Life (44 BC)
Won major campaigns in
Gave land to the poor
Started building projects
The Middle East
Gave Roman citizenship to people outside of Italy
North Africa
Increased soldier pay
Introduced the Julian Calendar (Used Hellenistic
Astronomy/More accurate)
Spain
No power given to the Senate and Assembly of
Tribes
Admired by the people Pardoned the senators who
supported Pompey
Senate called Caesar a tyrrant. Blamed him for
the destruction of the Republic.
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Ides of March
Ides

15th day of the months March, May, July, and
October on the Roman Calendar

March 15th, 44 BC

The day that Julius Caesar was stabbed by Gaius
Cassius and Marcus Brutus

Civil War to follow
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Rome
Sullas Changes

Tiberiuss Changes
Caesars Changes
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Lets put this all together!!!