CHAPTER 11 TOURISM

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CHAPTER 11TOURISM

• Definitions of Tourism
• For Brayley (1991), tourism is travel away from
  the home experience for business purposes,
  religious pilgrimage, military service,
  satisfaction, obligation, health and
  rejuvenation, or education.

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CHAPTER 11TOURISM

• Definitions of Tourism
• For DAmore (1990 27), if properly designed and
  developed, tourism can bridge the psychological
  and cultural distances that separate people of
  diverse races, colours, religions and stages of
  economic and social development.

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CHAPTER 11TOURISM

• Definitions of Tourism
• Mieczowski (1991) argues that recreation is the
  motivating force behind tourism. Tourism is
  about seeking pleasure and enjoyment through the
  activities of leisure and recreation.

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CHAPTER 11TOURISM

• Definitions of Tourism
• Tourism in Canada can be defined through a
  composition of key terms used by the Canadian
  Tourism Commission to measure tourism patterns in
  Canada. These key terms include travel for
  business, travel for pleasure, and travel to
  visit friends and family.

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CHAPTER 11TOURISM

• Tourism in Canada
• Tourism is a major player in the leisure and
  recreation industry of Canada.
• Tourism is a major income generator with a total
  tourism Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 22
  billion reported in 2001. This translates into
  2.3 of Canadas GDP (Canadian Tourism
  Commission, 2001).
• In 2001, tourism spending in Canada was 54.6
  billion of which 70 or 38.4 billion was spent
  by Canadians. Foreigners accounted for 16.2
  billion or 30 (Canadian Tourism Commission,
  2001).
• Most international tourists in Canada come from
  the United States, as geography plays a huge role
  in determining who visits Canada. New York,
  Michigan and Washington, the states bordering
  Canada, are reported as the top states of origin
  for U.S. tourists to Canada (Canadian Tourism
  Commission, 2001).
• Internationally, the top three overseas tourist
  markets for Canada are, in rank order, the United
  Kingdom, Japan and France.

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CHAPTER 11TOURISM

• Tourism in Canada
• Most U.S. and international tourists visiting
  Canada come during the third quarter of the year,
  that is, during the months of July, August and
  September (Canadian Tourism Commission, 2001).
  The months of April, May and June comprise the
  second most popular quarter for international
  tourism to Canada (Canadian Tourism Commission,
  2001).
• According to the Canadian Tourism Commission
  (2001), the main reason why U.S. and
  international tourists visit Canada is for
  holiday and/or vacation. Visiting friends or
  relatives is the second most frequently reported
  reason for visiting Canada, whereas, business
  trips rank as the third most frequently stated
  reason for visiting Canada by U.S. and
  international tourists.
• Most Canadian tourists who travel domestically
  within Canada do so during the months of July,
  August and September. The fourth quarter,
  October, November and December, is the second
  most frequent time period of the year for
  domestic tourism as reported by the Canadian
  Tourism Commission (2001).
• Geography influences the travel destinations
  selected by Canadians. Mexico, a country
  geographically close to Canada, is the top
  overseas country visited by Canadians.

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CHAPTER 11TOURISM

• Tourism Trends in Canada
• Although it may still be too early to determine
  the long-term impacts that September 11, 2001,
  will have on travel and tourism, tourism data
  released since that date indicate that it has
  decreased dramatically, not only in Canada, but
  also in Canadas key overseas markets.
• According to Jim Watson, former President and CEO
  of the Canadian Tourism Commission, the Canadian
  Tourism Commissions ongoing marketing efforts,
  along with initiatives to provide timely in-depth
  information and analysis, are helping the
  industry weather difficult times, even though a
  full recovery is not expected until 2003
  (Corporate Author, November 2002b 5). In fact,
  as the Canadian Tourism Commission is placing a
  significant amount of its budget on marketing and
  marketing efforts, it is hoped that this will
  assist in helping increase travel and tourism to
  and from Canada.

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CHAPTER 11TOURISM

• Canadian Tourism Commission
• Although the Canadian Tourism Commission has
  existed since January 31, 1995, it was not until
  2000 that the Canadian Tourism Commission Act was
  passed.
• The Canadian Tourism Commission is a part of
  Industry Canada, a federal government department.
• The objectives of the Canadian Tourism Commission
  as stated in the Canadian Tourism Commission Act
  (c. 28) are to
• sustain a vibrant and profitable Canadian tourism
  industry
• market Canada as a desirable tourist destination
  
• support a cooperative relationship between the
  private sector and the governments of Canada, the
  provinces and territories with respect to
  Canadian tourism and
• provide information about Canadian tourism to the
  private sector and to the governments of Canada,
  the provinces and the territories.

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CHAPTER 11TOURISM

• Special Interest Tourism
• Heritage Tourism
• A form of travel that has been used to explore
  cultural heritage and/or enhance our cultural
  identity (MacKay, 1999).

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CHAPTER 11TOURISM

• Special Interest Tourism
• Sports Tourism
• The use of sports for touristic endeavors
  (Kurtzman, 2001 16).

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CHAPTER 11TOURISM

• Special Interest Tourism
• Cultural tourism
• Participation in a novel cultural experience.
  Cultural tourism consists of the pursuit of the
  touristic experience as a means to explore the
  lifestyle and/or history of a given society or
  group of people.

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CHAPTER 11TOURISM

• Special Interest Tourism
• Educational tourism
• Is a special area of tourism that focuses on
  learning and, in some cases, the earning of a
  university credit.

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CHAPTER 11TOURISM

• Special Interest Tourism
• Ecotourism
• The Canadian Environmental Advisory Council
  defines ecotourism as follows Ecotourism is an
  enlightened nature travel experience that
  contributes to the conservation of the ecosystem,
  while respecting the integrity of host societies
  (Scace, Grifone and Usher, 1992 14).