Fiqh as Salah

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Fiqh as Salah

• Pillars and Requirements of the Salah

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Terms

• Shart Pre-requisite
• Rukn Pillar
• Fard Requirement
• Sunnah Optional/Recommended
• Shart can it be made up?
• Rukh can it be made up?
• Fard can it be made up?
• Sunnah can it be made up?

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Terms

• A condition (shart) is that which must be present
  before the prayer is performed in order for it to
  be acceptable.
• A pillar (rukn) is that which must be performed
  during the prayer, and if left out, whether
  intentionally or unintentionally, makes the
  prayer invalid.
• A requirement (fardh) is that which must be
  performed in prayer. If left out intentionally,
  the prayer is invalid. If left out
  unintentionally, out of forgetfulness, one must
  make the two prostrations of forgetfulness
  (sujood as-sahw) at the end of the prayer.

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Terms
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Pillars - Exercise

• Write down a list of acts during prayer that you
  think are pillars.
• The one with most correct pillars gets a gift

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Pillars (agreed upon)

• Standing for prayer
• Opening Takbir
• Al-Fatiha in every rakah
• Bowing (ruku)
• Rising from bowing
• Prostration (sujood)
• Sitting between prostration

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Pillars (agreed upon)

• The final sitting
• Tashahhud in final sitting
• Saying salaam (tasleem)
• Being tranquil during all of these acts
• Following the sequential order

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Requirements

• Difference of opinion whether requirement (fardh)
  or sunnah
• All other Takbirs
• Saying Subhaana Rabby al-Adheem Perfect is my
  Lord, the Most Great in ruku
• Saying Samia Allaahu Liman Hamidahu Allaah
  hears the one who praises Him
• this applies to the one leading the prayer and
  the one praying alone
• Saying Rabbanaa wa Lakal-Hamd Our Lord to You
  belongs the Praise
• This applies to everyone

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Requirements

• Saying Subhaana Rabby al-Aalaa Perfect is my
  Lord, the Most High while in sujood
• Saying Rabb Ighfir Lee My Lord, forgive me
  while in between the two prostrations
• The first Tashahhud
• Sitting for it
• WAllahu alim, but safer opinion is to fulfill
  these requirements, and do Sajda sahwi if
  forgotten

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Pillars

• In Bukhari and Muslim, from Abu Hurayrah - Radi
  Allahu Anhu, a man entered the Masjid and the
  Messenger of Allah - Sal Allaahu alayhi wa Sallam
  - was sitting. The man prayed (2 raka) and then
  came to the Prophet - Sal Allaahu alayhi wa
  Sallam - and said salam. The Prophet - Sal
  Allaahu alayhi wa Sallam - replied the salam and
  then said, Go back and pray for you have not
  prayed. So the man went back, prayed (2 raka)
  like he did the first time and then came back and
  repeated the salam. The Prophet - Sal Allaahu
  alayhi wa Sallam - replied the salam and then
  said, Go back and pray for you have not prayed.
  So the man went back, prayed (2 raka) like he
  did the first time and then came back and
  repeated the salam. The Prophet - Sal Allaahu
  alayhi wa Sallam - replied the salam and then
  said, Go back and pray for you have not prayed.
  He said it three times until on the third time
  the man said, By He who sent you with the truth
  O Messenger of Allah, I do not know any better
  than this. Teach me.

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Pillars

• The Prophet - Sal Allaahu alayhi wa Sallam - then
  said,
• If you stand up for Salah say Allahu Akbar.
• Then read what comes easy for you from the Quran.
  
• Then bow until you are comfortable in your ruku.
  
• Then stand up until you are standing up straight.
  
• Then prostrate until you are comfortable in your
  Sujood.
• Then sit until you are comfortable in your
  Juloos.
• Then prostrate until you are comfortable in your
  Sujood.
• And do this in your entire Salah.
• Backbone hadith

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1. Standing for Prayer

• One must stand during the prayer, if at all
  possible.
• ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???
  ?????? ?????? ??? 238
• Guard strictly the prayers, especially the
  middle one. And stand before Allaah with full
  submission. Surah Al-Baqarah 238
• Sitting allowed in voluntary prayers
• 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar related that the Prophet,
  upon whom be peace, said, "The prayer of one who
  sits is half of the prayer." (Related by
  al-Bukhari and Muslim.)

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Standing for Prayer

• Reported 'Umar ibn Hussain, "I had some physical
  problem, so I asked the Prophet, upon whom be
  peace, about the prayer, and he said, 'Pray
  standing if you are not able to pray sitting,
  if you are not able to pray (while lying) on
  your side." (Related by al-Bukhari.)
• Most scholars say that one should not put his
  feet together while standing in prayer.

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2. Opening Takbir

• If you stand up for Salah say Allahu Akbar.
  backbone hadith
• Its opening is the Takbeer (saying Allaahu
  Akbar) and its closing is the Tasleem (Saying
  As-Salaam Alaikum). (Reported by Abu Dawood,
  At-Tirmidhee, Ahmad and Al-Bazaar)
• Abu Hameed reported that when the Prophet stood
  for prayer, he would stand straight, raise his
  hands and say, "Allahu akbar." (Reported by Ibn
  Majah)

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3. Al-Fatiha in Every Rakah

• There is no prayer for the one who doesnt
  recite the opening (chapter) of the Book
  (AlFatiha). (Related by the group)
• Abu Hurairah reported that the Prophet said,
  "Whoever prays a prayer and does not recite the
  opening chapter of the Qur'an has not prayed
  correctly." (Related by Ahmad, al-Bukhari and
  Muslim.)
• Since this is an act of worship, we can only
  follow what Prophet (SAWS) did. And the Prophet
  said, "Pray as you have seen me pray." (Related
  by al-Bukhari.)

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Al-Fatiha in Every Rakah

• But Ive heard that if youre praying behind the
  Imam, its OK not to recite AlFatiha!
• Difference of opinion amongst the madhahib on
  reciting AlFatiha behind an Imam
• Imam Abu Hanifa no need, backbone hadith
• Imam Malik needs to be recited in half or more
  rakahs
• Imam Shafii and Ahmad every rakah, after Imam
  has finished AlFatiha

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Basmallah in Al-Fatiha

• To say or not to say the basmallah?
• Difference of opinion
• Yes! Part of AlFatiha and every surah of Quran
  (except Taubah).
• No! Part of Quran (i.e. its an ayah), but not
  part of AlFatiha.
• Not at all! Not a verse of Quran
• To say basmallah out loud?
• Yes! Recite and recite aloud (for prayers prayed
  aloud).
• No! Preferred to recite, but not required.

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Basmallah in Al-Fatiha

• Yes
• Narrated Abu Huraira Allah's Apostle said, "The
  Um (substance) of the Quran is the seven
  oft-repeated verses (Al-Mathaini) and is the
  Great Quran (i.e. Surat-al-Fatiha)." (Bukhari)
• Na'em al-Mujammir said, "I prayed behind Abu
  Hurairah and he recited, 'In the name of
  Allah...' and then he recited al-Fatihah." At the
  end of the hadith, he is quoted as saying, "By
  the One in whose Hand is my soul, I have done
  what resembles how we prayed with the Messenger
  of Allah."
• No
• Anas said, "I prayed behind the Messenger of
  Allah, Abu Bakr, 'Umar and 'Uthman, and they did
  not recite it aloud." (an-Nasa'i, Ibn Hibban,
  at-Tahawi with a sahih chain)

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Basmallah in Al-Fatiha

• Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah said
  "Allah, the Glorious, said 'I have divided the
  salah i.e., al-Fatihah into two halves, between
  Me and My slave, and my slave shall receive what
  he asks for.'
• When the slave says 'All praise is due to Allah,
  the Lord of the Worlds,' Allah, the Exalted, says
  'My slave has praised Me.'
• When he says 'The Compassionate, the Merciful,'
  Allah, the Exalted, says 'My slave has lauded
  Me.'
• When he says 'Master of the Day of Judgment.'
  Allah, the Exalted says 'My servant has glorified
  Me and entrusted his affairs to Me.'
• And when he says 'It is Thee we worship and from
  Thee that we seek aid,' Allah, the Exalted, says
  'This is between Me and My slave. And for My
  slave is what he asks.'
• And when he says 'Guide us to the straight path,
  the path of those whom you have blessed and not
  of those with whom you are angry nor of those who
  have gone astray.' Allah says 'That is for My
  slave and My slave shall get what he asks for.'"
• (Muslim)
• Then read what comes easy for you from the
  Quran. backbone hadith

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Al-Fatiha - Conclusions

• Conclusions
• What about a new Muslim?
• "The best remembrance after the speech of Allah
  is Subhaan Allah, al-Hamdu lillah, La ilaha
  illal-lah and Allahu akbar."
• Rafa'ah ibn Rafa', narrated that the Prophet
  (SAWS) said, "If you have something from the
  Qur'an, recite it. If not, then say the tamheed
  (al-Hamdu lillah), takbir (Allahu akbar) and the
  tahleel (La ilaha illal-lah) and then bow."
• This hadith is related by Abu Dawud,
  at-Tirmidhi, an-Nasa'i and al-Baihaqi.

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4. Bowing (ruku)

• ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????O you who
  believe! Bow and prostrate (in prayer). Surah
  Al-Hajj 77
• Then bow until you are comfortable in your
  ruku. backbone hadith
• Abu Qatadah related that the Prophet, upon whom
  be peace, said, "The worst people are the thieves
  who steal part of the prayer." He was asked how
  this was done, and he replied, "He does not
  complete his bowings and prostrations," or he
  said, "He does not straighten his back during his
  bowings and prostrations." (Ahmad, at-Tabarani,
  Ibn Khuzaimah and al-Hakim)
• "The prayer of one who does not straighten his
  back in his ruku and prostrations is not
  accomplished." (This hadith is related by "the
  five)
• Requirement Saying Subhaana Rabby al-Adheem
  Perfect is my Lord, the Most Great

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5. Rising from bowing

• Then stand up until you are standing up
  straight. backbone hadith
• Abu Hurairah reported that the Prophet said,
  "Allah does not look at the prayer of a person
  who does not straighten his back between his
  bowings and his prostrations." (Related by
  Ahmad.)
• Abu Humaid's description of the Prophet's prayer
  "He would raise his head from his bowing, then
  stand straight until all of his backbones
  returned to their places." (Related by al-Bukhari
  and Muslim.)
• Requirement Samia Allaahu Liman Hamidahu
  Allaah hears the one who praises Him, if Imam
  or alone
• Requirement Rabbanaa wa Lakal-Hamd Our Lord
  to You belongs the Praise, for all

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6. Prostration (sujood)

• Then prostrate until you are comfortable in your
  Sujood. backbone hadith
• Prophet said, "I have been ordered to prostrate
  on seven bodily parts the forehead, and he
  pointed to his nose, the hands, the knees and the
  ends of the feet." (Related by al-Bukhari and
  Muslim.)
• In another narration, he said, "I have been
  ordered to prostrate on seven bodily parts and
  not to fold back the hair or clothing the
  forehead, the nose, the hands, the knees and the
  feet." (Related by Muslim and an-Nasa'i.)
• Requirement Subhaana Rabby al-Aalaa Perfect
  is my Lord, the Most High

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Prostration (sujood)

• Dos
• Be calm!
• "The worst people are the thieves who steal part
  of the prayer." He was asked how this was done,
  and he replied, "He does not complete his bowings
  and prostrations, (Ahmad)
• Make lots of dua!
• The closest one of you comes to his Lord is
  while he is prostrating, (therefore) make many
  supplications therein. (Muslim, Ahmad)
• Donts
• Reciting Quran
• 'I have prohibited you from reciting Quran while
  bowing or prostrating. During the bowing, glorify
  the Lord. During the prostrations, strive your
  hardest in making supplications. Most likely, you
  will be listened to. (Muslim, Ahmad)

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7. Sitting Between Prostration

• Then sit until you are comfortable in your
  Juloos.
• Then prostrate until you are comfortable in your
  Sujood. backbone hadith
• Ask Allah to forgive you (Rabb ighfir lee)
• More than 2 sujood sajda sahwiLess than 2
  sujood repeat prayer WAllahu alim.

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8 9. Final Sitting and Tasahhud

• Ibn Masood (radyAllaahu anhu), related Before
  the tashahhud was made obligatory on us, we would
  say As-Salaamu alaaAllaahimin Ibaadihi.
  As-Salaamu alaa Jibreel wa Mikaaeel. Peace be
  on Allaah from His servants. Peace be on Jibreel
  and Mikaaeel. So the Prophet (sallAllaahu
  alayhi wa sallam) said Do not say Peace
  (Salaam) be on Allaah, for indeed Allaah, He is
  As-Salaam. Instead say
• At-Tahiyyaatu Lillaahi was-Salawaatu
  wat-Tayyibaat.As-Salaamu alayka ayyuhaan-Nabee
  wa Rahmatullaahi wa Barakaatuh. As-Salaamu
  alaynaa wa alaa Ibaadillaahis-Saaliheen.
  Ash-hadu an Laa IlaahaIllaaAllaah wa Ash-hadu
  anna Muhammadan abduhu wa Rasooluh.
• Reported by Imam Bukhari in his Saheeh

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The Tashahhud

• At-Tahiyyaat all of the glorifications are
  for Allaah, who possesses and deserves that, such
  as the acts of inclining, bowing, prostrating,
  remaining and continuing (in the acts of prayer).
• As-Salawaat all of the supplications.
• wat-Tayyibaat Allaah is Tayyib (good), He
  does not accept any of the sayings or actions
  except for those that are tayyib (good).
• Send salawaat on the Prophet (SAWS)
• Send salawaat on yourself and all righteous
  Muslims
• Bear witness to the 2 shahadahs

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10. Saying salaam (tasleem)

• Saying the salaam at the end of the prayer is
  obligatory. 'Ali related that the Prophet said,
  "The key to prayer is purity. One enters into its
  inviolable state by the takbir and leaves it by
  the salaam." (Ahmad, ash-Shaf i, Abu Dawud, Ibn
  Majah and at-Tirmidhi)
• One or Two? WAllahu alim, one is required, two
  are sunnah
• 'Amr ibn Sa'd related that his father said, "I
  saw the Prophet making the salaam on his right
  side and on his left side until I could see the
  whiteness of his cheeks." (Related by Ahmad,
  Muslim, anNasa'i and Ibn Majah.)

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11 12. Being tranquil during all of these
actsand Following the sequential order

• The Prophet - Sal Allaahu alayhi wa Sallam -
  said, Verily, a man will leave from (his Salah)
  and only a tenth of his Salah is written for him,
  a ninth, an eighth, a seventh, a sixth, a fifth,
  a forth, a third, half. Abu Dawood and
  Tirmidhi.
• Backbone hadith
• Pray as you see me pray