Zeit, Tempus und Aspekt im Englischen

1
Zeit, Tempus und Aspekt im Englischen

• Loose Ends

2
"Perfekt-Intervalle"

• Für die Kontexte, in denen das Perfekt verwendet
  wird, spielen Zeitintervalle eine wichtige Rolle.
  Dabei kommt es wesentlich darauf an, daß diese
  Intervalle vor einer Bezugszeit beginnen, sie
  aber auch einschließen oder "berühren". Diese
  Bezugszeit kann, muß aber nicht identisch mit R
  sein

6 Wochen
6 Wochen
Perfekt-Intervall
kein Perfekt-Intervall
3
"Perfekt-Intervalle"
6 Wochen
6 Wochen
kein Perfekt-Intervall
kein Perfekt-Intervall
6 Wochen
kein Perfekt-Intervallbezüglich B1
Perfekt-Intervallbezüglich B2
4
"Perfekt-Intervalle"
Periode 3
Periode 4
Periode 1
Periode 2
Periode 6
Periode 5
Periode 7
5

• For six weeks up to today
• Die Bezugszeit ist today
• "... up to ..." bedeutet "hat in der
  Vergangenheit begonnen, berührt aber B

• For six weeks from today
• Die Bezugszeit ist today
• from bedeutet "nach B", also posterior

6

• For six weeks some time in the past ...
• Die Bezugszeit für das Intervall ist today
• Zwischen dem Intervall und B ist eine Lücke

• For six weeks some time in the future
• Die Bezugszeit ist today

7

• For six weeks up to next Good Friday
• Die Bezugszeit ist next Good Friday
• "... up to ..." bedeutet "hat in der
  Vergangenheit begonnen, berührt aber B

• For six weeks from from next Good Friday
• Die Bezugszeit ist next Good Friday
• from bedeutet "nach B", also posterior

8

• For six weeks up to last Christmas Day
• Die Bezugszeit ist last Christmas Day
• "... up to ..." bedeutet "hat in der
  Vergangenheit begonnen, berührt aber B

• For six weeks from last Christmas Day
• Die Referenzzeit ist last Christmas Day
• from bedeutet "nach B", also posterior

9

• Since July 15th ...
• Die Bezugszeit ist today
• since bedeutet "von einem Zeitpunkt der
  Vergangenheit bis heute

• For the past six weeks ...
• Die Bezugszeit ist now
• past bedeutet "vor B begonnen", berührt aber auch
  B

10
Perfekt-Intervall S?R ? Present Perfect
he has been here
Intervall S?R, R ? I ? Future
he will be here
Intervall R ? S ? Past
he was here
Intervall S ? R ? Future
he will be here
Perfekt-Intervall S ? R ? Future Perfect
he will have been here
Intervall S ? R, R ? I ? Future
he will be here
Perfekt-Intervall R ? S ? Past Perfect
he had been here
Intervall R ? S ? Past
he was here
Perfekt-Intervall S?R ? Present Perfect
he has been here
he has been here
dito
11
Übung

• Paul (to be) in China for many years between the
  two wars
• Peter (to be) in India for several years when the
  Second World War broke out, but he returned home
  at once. He then (to spend) for years in the Army
• I think that, up to the moment, you (to be) at
  your piano practice for precisely twelve minutes
  and yesterday you (to practise) for only fifteen.
  No, I definitely do not think you should stop yet
• Your boy (to do) medicine for about five years
  already, I believe you said. How much longer he
  (to have) study before he becomes a doctor?
• You (to wait) long? I'm so sorry I'm late, but I
  (to wait) for over twenty minutes for my bus and
  then it (to take) ages on the journey

12
Übung

• Yesterday afternoon, he (to play) football for an
  hour and then, after a shower, he (to sleep) for
  half an hour or so. Then he sat down to his
  homework. When his teacher arrived, he (to work)
  for about two and a half hours
• Before the dog bit the maid again, Mother (to be)
  in the kitchen with her for fifteen or twenty
  minutes preparing dinner. Susan's hysterics,
  which (to last) for the next half-hour, prevented
  Mother from continuing her cooking
• Next April 5th, they (to be) married for exactly
  thirty years and their eldes son (to be) married
  for exactly ten.
• This flat will drive me crazy! Since you went
  out, there (to be) bedlam the man upstairs (to
  play) on his trombone and his wife (to practise)
  scales on the piano. And as though that were not
  enough, that horrible child downstairs (to beat)
  his drum and (to blow) whistles for the past
  forty minutes