Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part One: Tourism Overview

1
Part Four Tourism Supply, Demand Policy,
Planning, and Development
Learning Objectives

• Demonstrate the critical importance of tourism
  policy to the competitiveness and sustainability
  of a tourism destination.
• Outline the structure and content of a typical
  policy framework for a tourism destination.
• Identify some of the methods, techniques, and
  approaches used to assist in tourism policy
  formulation.

Chapter 15 Tourism Policy, Structure, Content
and Process
2
The Competitive/Sustainable Tourist Destination
A Managerial Framework
Part Four Tourism Supply, Demand Policy,
Planning, and Development
Chapter 15 Tourism Policy, Structure, Content
and Process
3
Tourism PolicyA Definition
Part Four Tourism Supply, Demand Policy,
Planning, and Development

• Tourism policy can be defined as follows
• A set of regulations, rules, guidelines,
  directives, and development/ promotion objectives
  and strategies that provide a framework within
  which the collective and individual decisions
  directly affecting tourism development and the
  daily activities within a destination are taken.

Chapter 15 Tourism Policy, Structure, Content
and Process
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Examples of the many stakeholders in tourism
within a given destination/region.
Part Four Tourism Supply, Demand Policy,
Planning, and Development

• Residents of the Host Destination
• Local/Municipal/Regional/Provincial/National
  Governments
• Local/Regional/National Environmental Groups
• Local visitors/excursionists
• Remote visitors/tourists
• Tourism industry sectors
• Transportation
• Accommodation
• Attractions
• Events
• Commercial Outdoor Recreation
• Commercial Visitor Service
• Destination Management Organization (DMO)
• Culture/Heritage Groups
• Social/Health/Education Groups

Chapter 15 Tourism Policy, Structure, Content
and Process
5
Areas Addressed byTourism Policy
Part Four Tourism Supply, Demand Policy,
Planning, and Development

• 1. The roles of tourism within the overall
  socio-economic development of the destination
  region
• 2. The type of destination that will most
  effectively fulfill the desired roles
• 3. Taxation types and levels
• 4. Financing for the tourism sector sources and
  terms
• 5. The nature and direction of product
  development and maintenance
• 6. Transportation access and infrastructure
• 7. Regulatory practices (e.g. airlines, travel
  agencies)
• 8. Environmental practices and restrictions
• 9. Industry image, credibility
• 10. Community relationships
• 11. Human resources and labor supply
• 12. Union and labor legislation
• 13. Technology
• 14. Marketing practices
• 15. Foreign travel rules

Chapter 15 Tourism Policy, Structure, Content
and Process
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Some Elements of Successful total tourism
destination management
Part Four Tourism Supply, Demand Policy,
Planning, and Development
Chapter 15 Tourism Policy, Structure, Content
and Process
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General Economic Social Policies Affecting
Tourism
Part Four Tourism Supply, Demand Policy,
Planning, and Development

• Taxation affects costs and thus profitability
• Interest Rate Policy affects costs and thus
  profitability
• Bilateral Air Agreements determines foreign
  visitor access
• Environmental Policy limits growth and access
  to attractive, but sensitive areas
• Customs and Immigration Policy can facilitate
  or hinder international visitation
• Communications Policy can restrict use of
  certain advertising media
• Minimum Wage Policy can affect labor markets
• Welfare Policy can influence nature and
  behavior of work force
• Education Policy can affect quality of
  workforce
• Cultural Policy can affect preservation and
  promotion of national heritage
• Foreign Investment Policy/Regulations can
  affect availability of investment capital
• Local Zoning Policy/By-Laws can restrict or
  encourage tourism facility development
• National/Provincial/Local Policy re funding
  support for major public facilities (e.g.
  stadiums, convention centers, museums, parks)
  can drastically affect destination
  attractiveness
• Infrastructure Policy can make destination
  safer for visitors, or restrict resident travel
  to foreign destinations
• Currency/Exchange Rate Policies directly
  affects destination cost competitiveness and
• Legal System determines consumer/visitor
  protection legislation (e.g. liability for
  failing to deliver advertised facilities/tours/exp
  eriences).

Chapter 15 Tourism Policy, Structure, Content
and Process
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Tourism Some of its multiple interfaces with
other sectors of the economy and society
Part Four Tourism Supply, Demand Policy,
Planning, and Development
Legal/Political
Players
Technology
Environmental
Movement
Sector
Entertainment
Industry
Health Services
Sector
Financial
Sector
Resource
Education
Extraction
Sector
Industries
Chapter 15 Tourism Policy, Structure, Content
and Process
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The Structure and Composition of Tourism Policy
Part Four Tourism Supply, Demand Policy,
Planning, and Development
Chapter 15 Tourism Policy, Structure, Content
and Process
10
Destination Vision Framework
Part Four Tourism Supply, Demand Policy,
Planning, and Development
Chapter 15 Tourism Policy, Structure, Content
and Process