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Affective Computing: Agents With Emotion

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Title: Affective Computing: Agents With Emotion


1
Affective Computing Agents With Emotion
Victor C. Hung University of Central Florida
Orlando, FL EEL6938 Special Topics in
Autonomous Agents March 29, 2007
2
Agenda
  • Introduction
  • Highlighted Projects
  • Affective Cognitive Learning Decision Making
  • Questions

3
Introduction
  • Affective Computing relates to, arises from, or
    deliberately influences emotion or other
    affective phenomena
  • Engineering, computer science with psychology,
    cognitive science, neuroscience, sociology,
    education, psychophysiology, ethics
  • Emotion is fundamental to human experience
  • Cognition
  • Perception
  • Learning
  • Communication
  • Rational decision-making

4
Introduction
  • Technologists have largely ignored emotion
  • Affect has been misunderstood
  • Hard to measure
  • MIT Media Lab Affective Computing
  • http//affect.media.mit.edu
  • Develop new technologies and theories
  • Understanding affect and its role in human
    experience
  • Restore a proper balance between emotion and
    cognition in the design of technologies for
    addressing human needs

5
Introduction
  • Issues in affective computing
  • Communication of affective-cognitive states to
    machines
  • Techniques to assess frustration, stress, and
    mood indirectly
  • Make computers can be more emotionally
    intelligent
  • Personal technologies for improving
    self-awareness of affective states
  • Emotions influences personal health
  • Ethics

6
Highlighted Projects
  • Affective-Cognitive Framework for Machine
    Learning and Decision-Making
  • Emotions role in learning and decision making
  • Digital Story Explication as it Relates to
    Emotional Needs and Learning
  • Emotional interaction in child learning
  • ESP - The Emotional-Social Intelligence
    Prosthesis
  • Aid for the emotionally-impaired

7
Highlighted Projects
  • Fostering Affect Awareness and Regulation in
    Learning
  • Combat frustration during the learning process
  • Machine Learning and Pattern Recognition with
    Multiple Modalities
  • Emotional sensor data fusion
  • Ripley A Conversational Robot
  • Human-robot interaction platform through language
    and visual perception modalities

8
Affective-Cognitive Learning Decision Making
  • (2006) Ahn and Picards Affective-Cognitive
    Learning and Decision Making The Role of
    Emotions, The 18th European Meeting on
    Cybernetics and Systems Research
  • Framework for learning and decision making
  • Inspired by neural basis of motivations and the
    role of emotions in human behavior
  • Affective biases
  • Loss aversion
  • Effect of mood on decision making

9
Affective-Cognitive Learning Decision Making
  • Affective biases
  • Two-armed bandit

10
Affective-Cognitive Learning Decision Making
  • Loss aversion
  • Prefer avoiding losses than acquiring gains

11
Affective-Cognitive Learning Decision Making
  • Effect of mood on decision making

ANGER Optimism about the future
HAPPINESS Optimism about the present
Pessimism about the future FEAR
Pessimism about the present SADNESS
12
Affective-Cognitive Learning Decision Making
  • A motivational value (reward)-based learning
    theory
  • Extrinsic value from the cognitive (deliberative
    and analytic) systems
  • Intrinsic value from multiple affective systems
    such as Seeking (Wanting), Fear, Rage, and other
    circuits
  • Probabilistic models
  • Cognition (cognitive state transition)
  • Multiple affect circuits (Seeking, Joy, Anger,
    Fear, ...)
  • Decision making model
  • Previous knowledge can be incorporated for
    expecting the consequences of decisions (or
    computing the cognitive value)

13
Affective-Cognitive Learning Decision Making
14
Affective-Cognitive Learning Decision Making
  • The Decision-Making Model
  • Cognitive state (c)
  • Affective state (a)
  • Decision (d)

15
Affective-Cognitive Learning Decision Making
  • Affective seeking value
  • Valence decided by the mean of the filtered
    values for the reward samples
  • Arousal uncertainty of the reward sample
    distribution (modeled as standard deviation)
  • Complete decision-making expression
  • Non-affect agent has only the cognitive component

16
Affective-Cognitive Learning Decision Making
  • Affective agent vs. Non-affect agent

17
Affective-Cognitive Learning Decision Making
  • Influence of an outlier on the cognitive values
    and the valence values

18
Affective-Cognitive Learning Decision Making
  • Affective component less sensitive to outliers
    than cognitive component
  • Affective Cooling Agreement between two
    components
  • More likely to follow the decision by the
    cognitive component (Exploitation)
  • Value of the induced inverse temperature
    parameter increases
  • Humans using cognition in decision-making
  • Affective Heating Conflict between two
    components
  • Less likely to follow the decision by the
    cognitive component (Exploration)
  • Value of the induced inverse temperature
    parameter decreases
  • Humans depending on emotion in decision-making

19
Affective-Cognitive Learning Decision Making
  • 10-armed bandit tasks

20
Affective-Cognitive Learning Decision Making
  • Too much or too little affect impairs learning
  • Excessive learns faster, but not good for
    long-term
  • Insufficient better for long-term, but slow

21
Affective-Cognitive Learning Decision Making
  • Results and Conclusions
  • Framework enhancements
  • Model other affect circuits
  • Incidental influences on decision making
  • Use of prior knowledge for expecting cognitive
    outcomes ?
  • Affective bias
  • Helps automatically regulate exploration and
    exploitation
  • Speed up learning without sacrificing decision
    quality
  • This framework might mimic well-studied human
    behavior
  • Risk aversion
  • Effects of mood on decision making
  • Self-control

22
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