Specific Immune Response

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Specific Immune Response

• Division 2 MST
• Disease Unit

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Overview

• Organs of Immune System
• Recognizing Pathogens
• Immune Response
• Cell-Mediated
• Humoral Response
• Primary vs. Secondary Responses

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Organs
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Organs of Immune System

• Adenoids
• Mass of lymph tissue found in nose
• Catches incoming pathogens

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Organs of Immune System

• Tonsils
• Mass of lymph tissue that line the nose, mouth
  and throat
• Catches incoming pathogens

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Organs of Immune System

• Thymus
• Organ that produces mature T cells.
• The T cells get released into blood stream.

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Organs of Immune System

• Spleen
• Filters blood
• Made up of B cells, T cells, macrophages, natural
  killer cells and red blood cells
• B cells activated here
• Old blood destroyed here

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Organs of Immune System

• Bone Marrow
• Soft tissue inside bones
• All cells of immune system derived here

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Organs of Immune System

• Lymphatic Vessels
• Vessels that carry colorless liquid called lymph.

• Lymph Nodes
• Filters lymph for antigens
• Found throughout body
• Composed of T cells, B cells, macrophages

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Recognizing Pathogens

• Antigen
• Substance that immune system does not recognize
  (pathogens, toxins, pollen)
• Cause lymphocytes to react

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Recognizing Pathogens

• Summary
• Lymphocyte has unique receptor proteins on the
  cell surface
• Receptor proteins recognize and bind to antigens
• Only those lymphocytes with correct match will
  respond

A Word About Cell Surfaces
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Image From http//www.hallym.ac.kr/de1610/histol
ogy/cell-3.jpg
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Vocab

• Cytokine protein that signals to other
  lymphocytes to come help
• Interleukin 1 (released by macrophages)
• Interleukin 2 (released by helper T cells)

Here is a summary of the activation phase of the
specific response.
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Pathogen Recognized
Macrophage Engulfs Pathogen
Macrophage Displays Antigen
Helper T Cells arrive Bind to antigen
Interleukin 1 released to signal other Helper T
cells
More Helper T cells arrive release interleukin 2
Other lymphocytes are signaled to come and help
Cell Mediated and Humoral Responses occur
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Cell-Mediated Response

• Interleukin 2 stimulates
• CYTOTOXIC T CELLS (KILLER T CELLS)
• Recognize and bind to receptors on antigen
• Destroy pathogen by poking hole in membrane

Click on the image of a bacteria full of pores to
view an animation of the cell-mediated response
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Humoral Response

• Interleukin 2 stimulates
• B Cells that have antigen receptors
• Divide and change into plasma cells
• Highly specialized cells that make ANTIBODIES
• 30,000/sec can be made!!!
• Antibodies bind to specific antigens
• Inactivates, or Destroys toxins
• Mark pathogen for destruction for macrophages to
  engulf

Click on the image to view animation of the
humoral response
Image from http//umanitoba.ca/faculties/medicine
/units/immunology/marshallbio.html
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Primary vs. Secondary Immune Response

• Some B cells become MEMORY CELLS
• 1st time infected, Primary Response -
• B cells become memory cells
• 2nd time infected, Secondary Response -
• B cells are ready and divide rapidly and more
  antibodies produced
• Pathogen eliminated before serious infection

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Role Play

• Tomorrow we will role play the immune response
• With your table team, come up with some costumes
  or symbols that will help us remember the
  characters of the immune response.
• You must have a description of your character and
  why you chose a particular costume/symbol
• Then create a physical costume for each of the
  characters
• The characters will be

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Cast of Characters

• The Victim
• nose cell, skin cell, etc.
• The Bad Guy
• Pathogen (bacteria or virus)
• The Good Guys
• Macrophage
• B cell
• Helper T cell
• Killer T cell