Chapter 3 The Metric System

1
Chapter 3The Metric System

• Learning Objectives
• To state the prefixes for multiples and fractions
  of basic units.
• To write the unit equation for the basic unit and
  a prefix unit.
• To perform metric-metric measurement conversions.
• To perform metric-English measurement
  conversions.
• To explain the density concept.
• To perform temperature conversions.
• To explain the concept of heat and specific heat.

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The Metric System

• Metric System uses decimals rather than
  fractions.

3
The everyday metric Conversion

• Length
• 1 kilometer 1,000 meter
• 1 meter 100 centimeter
• 1 centimeter 10 millimeter
• 1 meter 1,000 millimeter
• Mass
• 1 metric ton 1000 kilogram
• 1 kilogram 1,000 gram
• 1 gram 1,000 milligram
• Volume
• 1 cubic meter 1,000 liter
• 1 liter 1,000 milliliter

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Metric Prefixes

• Prefix Symbol Multiple/Fraction
• mega M 106 1,000,000
• kilo k 103 1,000
• centi c 10-2 1/100
• milli m 10-3 1/1000
• micro µ 10-6 1/1,000,000
• nano n 10-9 1/1,000,000,000
• Example 3.1b,d
• Self Test Ex. a,b
• How to write metric unit factors (conversion
  factors)

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The everyday English Conversion

•  Length
• 1 mile 1760 yard
• 1 yard 3 feet
• 1 foot (ft) 12 inches
• 1 mile 5280 feet
• Weight
• 1 ton 2000 pound
• 1 pound (lb) 16 ounces (oz) 
• Volume
• 1 gallon (gal) 4 quart (qt)
• 1 quart 2 pint (pt)1 pint 2 cup1 cup 8
  ounces (oz) 16 teaspoons (tsp)

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The everyday Metric-English Conversion

• Length
• 1 mile 1.61 kilometer
• 1 inch 2.54 centimeter
• Mass
• 1 pound 454 gram
• 1 ounce 28 gram
• Volume
• 1 gallon 3.78 liter
• 1 quart 946 milliliter

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Quick English-Metric Conversions

• Multiply inches by 2.54 to get centimeters
• Multiply feet by 0.305 to get meters
• Multiply miles by 1.61 to get kilometers
• Divide pounds by 2.2 to get kilograms
• Multiply ounces by 28 to get grams
• Multiply fluid ounces by 30 to get milliliters
• Multiply gallons by 3.78 to get liters

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Density (mass)/volume

• Table Density of selected substances
• Water 1.00 g/mL Ice 0.917 g/mL
• Mercury 13.6 g/mL Aluminum 2.70 g/mL
• Iron 7.87 g/mL Lead 11.3 g/mL
• Hydrogen 0.090 g/L Helium 0.179 g/L
• Air 1.29 g/L Oxygen 1.43 g/L
• __________________________________________________
  ___________
• The given density is measured at 0?C and 1
  atmospheric pressure.
• __________________________________________________
  ___________
• Quick Notes
• 1 cubic centimeter 1 milliliter
• 1 milliliter of distilled water has a mass of 1
  gram
• 1 liter of distilled water has a mass of 1
  kilogram
• 1 gallon of mercury has a mass of 51.4 kilogram
  (113 pound)
• Example 3.13
• Example 3.14

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Comparing Temperature Using Different Scales

• Freezing Point and Boling Point of water

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Temperature Conversion

• Fahrenheit (?F) Celsius (?C) Kelvin (K)
• f.p. water 32 0 273
• b.p. water 212 100 373
• ?F 1.8?C 32
• ?C (?F-32)/1.8
• K ?C 273
• Examples 3.16, 3.17, 3.18

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Energy The ability to do work.

• Units of energy
• calorie (cal)
• joule (J)
• 1cal 4.184J
• _______________________________________________
• Want to Lose Weight
• Watch Your Diet!
• Food Calories
• Medium size Candy bar contains 240 Calories.
  That is 240,000 calories or about 1.0 million
  joule. The fact of the matter is, that it takes
  1 joule of energy to lift 1 small apple of 1
  Newton weight (about 0.25 pound) for a distance
  of 1 meter. That concludes, some one should lift
  that apple one million times for a distance of 1
  meter to be able to burn all the calories
  generated from the snack bar.
• OR an average person could climb the stairs of
  the chemistry building about 200 times.
• __________________________________________________
  _____________

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Calories in Candy Chocolate

• Candy Serving Size Calories
• Chocolate coated peanuts 1oz 155
• Hershey bar 1 (1.5oz) 240
• Hershey kisses 9 (1.5oz) 220
• M M's, plain 1 pkt 230
• M M's, peanut 1 pkt 250
• Skittles 1 pkt (2.8oz) 250
• Snickers bar 1 bar (2.1oz) 280

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Specific Heat

• Specific Heat amount of heat required to heat 1g
  substance 1 ?C
• Examples of specific heat
• Iron 0.108 cal/g.degree
• Copper 0.0920 cal/g.degree
• Water 1.00 cal/g.degree
• Air .239 cal/g.degree
• Rubber 0.480 cal/g.degree