Respiration

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Respiration

• ANP 128

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• OBJECTIVES
• What are the basic functions of respiration?
• How does the anatomy of the respiratory system
  aid in the exchanging of carbon dioxide and
  oxygen?
• What are some clinical aspects of the respiratory
  system?
• Describe how inspiration and expiration happen.
• Which muscles are involved in breathing?
• Explain the differences in the pulmonary volumes.
• How does the exchange of carbon dioxide and
  oxygen happen?
• Explain the different mechanisms for control of
  respiration.

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Respiration

• External respiration Internal respiration

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• Clinical
• 1. Rhinoplasty
• 2. Laryngitis
• 3. Cancer of the larynx
• 4. Tracheostomy
• 5. Nebulization

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• Clinical
• 6. Pleurisy
• 7. Asthma
• 8. Emphysema

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• Clinical
• 9. Hypoxia
• Hypoxic
• Anemic
• Stagnant
• Histotoxic

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Inspiration increase size of lungs in order to
inhale

• Muscles
• costal breathing
• diaphragmatic breathing
• pectoralis minor

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• Expiration lung pressure gt Patm
• passive process when normal - no muscles
• starts when inspiration muscles relax

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Compliance Airway resistance 12
inspire/expire per minute
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Quantity of a gas dissolves in a liquid is
proportional to partial pressure and solubility
coefficient
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Control of Respiration

• Nervous
• Medulla
• Pneumotaxic area of pons
• Apneustic area of pons
• Cortex - voluntary
• Preset

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Control of Respiration

• Receptors
• 1. Stretch
• 2. Chemical - chemoreceptors
• a. central
• b. peripheral
• 3. Proprioceptors
• 4. Baroreceptors

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