The World War I Era

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The World War I Era

• 1914 - 1920

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Objectives

• Identify underlying and immediate causes
• Describe technological advances
• Explain the US intention of staying neutral and
  why they finally decided to join the war
  
• Describe the economic mobilization and public
  support methods established to help the war
  effort.
  
• Describe the effects of WWI on the homefront.

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Roots of conflict

• Nationalism - patriotic feelings for ones
  country putting countrys needs ahead of
  international cooperation

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Imperialism

• (video)

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• Militarism
• Aggressively building up armed forces in
  preparations for war
  
• Alliances
• Triple Entente / Allies
• Triple Alliance / Central Powers

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So what were the MAIN causes of WWI?

• M ilitarism
• A lliances
• I mperialism
• N ationalism

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Start of the war

• Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of
  Austria by Serbian nationalists
  
• Sets in motion chain reaction of declarations of
  war
  
• (video)

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QUIZ on origins of WWI

• What were the main causes of WWI (list and
  briefly explain each)?
  
• 2. How could the assassination of archduke
  Ferdinand lead to a world war?

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Beginning of the war

• Germany invades France through (neutral) Belgium
• Great Britain enters war
• German advance into France is halted at the
  Marne
  
• Stalemate follows
• Both sides dig down into trenches

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The Great War, 1914 - 1918

• 65 million fought
• 20 million wounded
• 9-10 died on battlefield (2 million in 1916)
• 20 million die of war related (hunger disease)
• First 3 mos. Nearly the entire Brit. army wiped
  out

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The Western Front

• Stalemate
• trenches
• Mud,rats, lice
• No Mans Land area between the trenches
• Periodic charges over the top usually result in
  soldiers being mowed down by machine guns
  

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New Weapons

• Machine guns (5-600 bullets per minute)
• Big Bertha (1800 lb shell 9 miles)
• Poison gas chlorine and mustard gas
• Tanks
• Flame throwers, hand grenades
• Balloons,

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• Airplanes
• Leige 1914, first civilians killed by war plane
• Manfred Richthofen The Red Baron
• Eddie Rickenbacker (Americas flying ace)

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(Video)
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• Submarines
• German U-boats
• Target ships delivering supplies to the Allies
  (USA)
  
• British blockade German coast 750,000 German
  civilians starve to death
  
• (video)

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Eastern Front

• Germany v. Russia
• 6 million men in Russian army,
• Tsar takes command in 1915
• This will ruin his rep and contribute to the 1917
  revolution

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Significant Battles

• 1915 Gallipoli
• Brit and Australian / New Zealand soldiers v. the
  Turks 200,000 Allied casualties

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• Verdun (German offensive) Feb Dec 1916
• 700,000 casualties
• Somme (Brit offensive)
• 7 continuous days of bombardment
• 100,000 men advance (over the top)
• half are mowed down by machine gun fire
• (video)

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• Due in class 20.1 Section Objectives 1-4 (page
  565)
  
• Homework
• 20.2 worksheet
• Election Assignment

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American Neutrality

• 3,000 miles away
• Ties to both sides

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Reasons to get involved

• Allies owe US money
• Germans threatening US shipping
• Lusitania 128 Americans killed
• Zimmerman Telegram (offering Mexico parts of US
  if they help out Germany)
  
• Russian Revolution

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Those who served

• Women in non-combat positions
• African Americans in segregated units
• Harlem Hell Fighters

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Raising Money

• Government takes control of the economy
• War Industries Board - distribution of raw
  materials

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War Bonds were sold
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• Publicity to support war (Victory Gardens,
  Meatless Meals, Lightless Nights)

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Daylight Savings to save electricity
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Rallying Support

• Committee on Public Information
• Movies and Songs to make unpopular war popular

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The Homefront

• Women do mans work

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• Many African Americans migrate North for jobs
• New opportunities
• Still face
• discrimination

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Climate of suspicion

• Foreign words changed
• Espionage and Sedition Acts imprisonment for
  saying negative things about war effort
  
• Socialists especially targeted

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Come Unto Me, Ye Opprest
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Boosting Him Up
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Wilsons plan for peace

• Fourteen Points
• League of Nations
• America doesnt join

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Aftermath

• Great Flu Epidemic 1919
• 18th Amendment
• 19th Amendment