Beef Quality and Safety Assurance

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Beef Quality and Safety Assurance

• Michigan Quality Beef Producer Training
• Michigan Cattlemens Association

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What Is BSQA?

• Producer-driven
• Both Beef and Dairy cattle
• Production of safe and wholesome beef products
• Based on recommended national guidelines and
  scientific research

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Goal of BSQA

• The goal of the Michigan Beef Quality and Safety
  Assurance program is to ensure that all cattle
  shipped from a beef production unit are
• Healthy
• Safe
• Wholesome
• Meet federal management guidelines
• Meets or exceeds consumer expectations

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BQA is Everyone's Job

• Cow-Calf?Backgounder?Feedlot
• Producer?Veterinarian?Trucker?Markets
• Participating in BSQA
• Its economic sense!
• Its good business sense!
• Its common sense!

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Michigan BSQA
A Team Approach
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Program Introduction

• BQA History

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BQA History

• Began in 1982
• Producer driven voluntary program
• Prevent further regulation from USDA and FSIS.
• Goal of program
• Reduce drug residues violations
• Reduce injection site blemishes
• Today
• Chemical residue violations are almost
  non-existent in fed beef cattle
• Injection site lesions have been reduced by more
  than 67 percent

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Consumers are paying attention
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Beef Quality Challenges

• National Beef Quality Assurance Audit

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NBQA Audit Recommendations

• Decrease carcass defects such as bruising and
  dark cutters
• In 1995, defects costs 136 per head
• In 2000, defects cost 100 per head

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NBQA Audit Recommendations

• Decrease incidence of injection site lesions in
  top sirloin butt
• The incidence of injection site lesions in top
  sirloin butts dropped to 3 from 26 in early
  1990's

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Injection Site Lesions
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NBQA Audit Recommendations

• Improvement in quality grade
• In 1995, 48 of cattle were USDA Choice of Prime
• In 2000, 51 of cattle were USDA Choice or Prime
  carcasses

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NBQA Audit Recommendations

• More polled or dehorned cattle
• 1995 - 32 of fed cattle had horns at slaughter
• 2000 - 23 of fed cattle had horns at slaughter.

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Meeting the Challenges

• Preventing Injection Site Lesions

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Preventing Injection Site Blemishes

• READ THE LABEL
• Dose
• Route of administration
• Properly restrain cattle
• Clean injection site area
• Avoid areas where hide is soiled
• Avoid wet weather
• Reduce dust in working area

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Meeting the Challenges

• Administration and Dosage

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Administration and Dosage

• If you have a choice, use SQ over IM.
• Oral, IV or Topical medications are also options
• IM injections should be given in the neck
• SQ should be given in the neck
• Sub Q over ribs secondary site
• Use the tenting method to reduce chance of
  accidental IM injection
• Never administer more than 10cc/site
• Space injections at least 3 inches apart
• Width of hand

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Avoid The Rear
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Tenting Technique
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Meeting the Challenges

• Needle Selection and Use

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Needle Selection and Use

• Protected needles from contamination
• Change needles every 10 to 12 head
• Sooner if burred
• Replace bent needles
• In general, use smallest gauge needle that allows
  for efficient medication administration
• 16-18 gauge
• ½ to 1 length

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Preventing Carcass Quality Defects

• Bruises
• Dark Cutters

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Bruises

• Bruises cost an extra 22 million in carcass trim
  each year
• Most bruises are easily preventable through good
  management and handling.

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Preventing Bruises

• Dehorn cattle or breed polled cattle
• Avoid over-crowding
• Proper handling facilities
• Facility maintenance

Damaged hides cost the industry Reduce hide
damage by Avoid branding Facility
maintenance Reduce mud and manure build-up
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Dark Cutters

• In 1995 dark cutting carcasses cost the industry
  6.08 per head
• Occurs as a result of depleted muscle glycogen
• Caused by stress including
• Mixing
• Mounting
• Heat or cold stress

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BQA for Cows and Bulls
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Remember the Ms
M
ANAGE non-fed cattle to minimize defects and
quality deficiencies
M
ONITOR the health and condition of market cows
and bulls
M
ARKET in a timely manner to lessen disabled
cattle, ocular neoplasia, lameness and emaciation.
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Responsible Animal Health Product Use
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General Guidelines

• Maintain proper individual animal ID
• Keep medical records
• Properly store, label and account for all
  medications
• Use products according to the label
• Off label only under direction of veterinarian
• Maintain a good veterinarian-client-patient
  relationship (VCPR)
• Educate all employees and family members about
  control systems

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Extra Label Drug Use

• ELDU only allowed under supervision of a licensed
  veterinarian.
• OTHERWISE ELDU IS ILLEGAL
• Specific requirements must be met
• Veterinary-client-patient relationship
• No other approved drug for specific condition at
  recommended dose
• In the case of an ELDU, the veterinarian will
  provide
• Detailed, written product instructions
• Extended withdrawal time

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Extra Label Drug Use

• Feed additive antibiotics
• cannot be used off label!

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Withdrawal Times

• The amount of time required for a medication to
  be metabolized by the animals body to a level
  that is considered not harmful to consumers
• Drug reactions
• Antibiotic resistance
• Meat, Milk, Eggs
• These times are determined and set through
  research and governmental regulations
• ELDU will generally require extended withdrawal
  times as directed by your veterinarian

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Drug Storage and Handling

• Read label for specific storage/handling
  conditionsNEVER ASSUME!
• Purchase fresh products
• Note expiration dates
• Store them according to the label directions
• Never store animal health products in a feed
  room.
• Avoid exposure to harsh conditions
• Heat
• Cold
• UV Light

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Drug Storage and Handling

• Use transfer needles to reconstitute vaccines and
  antibiotics when needed
• Avoid entering bottles with used needles
• Use a transfer needle
• Dispose of all expired vaccines and
  pharmaceuticals
• Use clean syringes
• Clean w/ hot waterAVOID DISINFECTANTS
• Avoid Disinfectants at injection sites

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Implants
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Implants

• Start with clean, dry ear
• Use antiseptic on the needle between every use

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Record Keeping
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Record Systems

• Paper
• Notebook
• Health Forms
• Index cards
• Computer

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Good Record Keeping

• Health records should include
• Individual animal or group identification.
• Date treated
• Procedure
• Product administered including
• Manufacturers lot/serial number
• Dosage used
• Route and location of administration
• Earliest withdrawal date
• Name of person administering product/performing
  procedure
• Needs to include feed/water medications

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Beef Quality and Safety Assurance

• Summary

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Put the Needle in the Neck
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Responsible Health Care Product Use
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Handle With Care
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Records
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BQA is Everyones job!