OSHA 29 CFR 1910.157

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FIRE EXTINGUISHER TRAINING
CORPORATE SAFETY TRAINING
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.157
WELCOME
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COURSE OBJECTIVES

• Discuss How Fires are Initiated.
• Discuss How Fires are Classified.
• Discuss Extinguisher Responsibilities.
• Discuss How to Extinguish Small Fires.
• Discuss How to Use a Portable Fire Extinguisher.
• Discuss How to Inspect a Portable Fire
  Extinguisher.
• Discuss How to Identify the Proper Fire
  Extinguisher.

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BASIS FOR THIS COURSE

• Employers are Responsible for Employee Safety.
• Fire is One of the Most Common Industrial
  Accidents.
• 3 Billion Dollars Per Year Are Lost Due to Fire.
• 300 Workers Per Year Lose Their Lives Due to
  Fire.
• Training Greatly Lessens the Probability of Fire.
• This Training Helps Improve

• Safety
• Morale
• Productivity
• Employee well-being

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WHY WE NEED FIRE EXTINGUISHER TRAINING
Over 150 Major Fires Occur in Workplaces on an
Annual Basis. Fire Is the Third Leading Cause of
Accidental Deaths in the United States. OSHA 29
CFR 1910.157 (Portable Fire Extinguishers and
Their Use) Requires That "Employers Shall Provide
Portable Fire Extinguishers and Shall Mount,
Locate, and Identify Them So That They Are
Readily Accessible to Employees Without
Subjecting Employees to Possible Injury."
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APPLICABLE REGULATIONS
29CFR - SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS
1910 - INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
157 - PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS NFPA
10 - PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS NFPA 101
- LIFE SAFETY CODE
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GENERAL PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS
ALL EMPLOYERS MUST

• Assign Responsibility.
• Establish a Written Program.
• Conduct Fire Safety Training.
• Develop Fire Safety Procedures.
• Conduct Work Area Inspections.
• Maintain a Safe Work Environment.
• Conduct Regular Program Evaluations.

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TRAINING IS IMPORTANT
A GOOD PROGRAM WILL HELP

• Reduce the Probability of Fire.
• Reduce Injury and Illness Rates.
• Acceptance of High-Turnover Jobs.
• Workers Feel Better About their Work.
• Reduce Workers Compensation Costs.
• Elevate OSHA Compliance to a Higher Level.

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EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITIES

• SAFETY OFFICER

• Manage the Fire Extinguisher Program.
• Schedule the proper training for employees.
• Update the program when necessary.
• Record and maintain training records.
• Ensure monthly/annual inspections are conducted.

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EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITIES

• MAINTENANCE SUPERVISOR

• Replace used and damaged fire extinguisher(s).
• Notify Safety Officer of use or damage.
• Assist in Control of extinguishers.
• Mount extinguishers.
• Ensure installed equipment does not block.
• Assist in accessibility to extinguishers.

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EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITIES

• DEPARTMENT AND FIRST LINE SUPERVISORS

• Replace used and damaged fire extinguisher(s).
• Notify Safety Officer of use or damage.
• Assist in Control of extinguishers.
• Ensure installed equipment does not block
  access.
• Ensure employees are aware of where
  extinguishers
• are located.
• Ensure extinguishers are clean and are free
  from
• obstructions.

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MAINTAINING THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

• FIRE EXTINGUISHERS SHALL BE MAINTAINED

• Numbered to identify their proper location.
• Maintain an extinguisher master list.
• Fully charged and in operable condition.
• Clean and free of defects.
• Readily accessible at all times.

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UNAPPROVED FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

• YOU MUST NOTIFY YOUR SUPERVISOR IF YOU FIND

• Portable extinguishers using carbon
  tetrachloride.
• Portable extinguishers using chlorobromomethane.
• Portable extinguishers that have soldered or
  riveted shells.
• Portable extinguishers using self-generating soda
  acid.
• Portable extinguishers using or self-generating
  foam.
• Portable extinguishers using gas cartridge water
  type.
• Portable extinguishers which are operated by
  inverting the extinguisher to rupture the
  cartridge or to initiate an uncontrollable
  pressure generating chemical reaction to expel
  the agent shall be removed from the facility
  permanently.

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INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE AND TESTING

• BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTINGUISHERS

• Monthly visual inspections.
• Annual maintenance check.
• Twelve (12) year hydrostatic test.
• Six (6) year tear down maintenance.
• Extinguishers must be promptly recharged if
  used.
• Incompatible extinguishers must not be used.

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THE MECHANICS OF FIRE

• THE FIRE TRIANGLE

TAKE ANY COMPONENT AWAY AND FIRE CANNOT SURVIVE
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THE MECHANICS OF FIRE
Continued

• IGNITION CAN BE

• Electrical.
• Chemical.
• Thermal.
• Radioactive.

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THE MECHANICS OF FIRE
Continued

• FUEL CAN BE

• Solid.
• Liquid.
• Gas.

In order to combust the right mixture of
oxygen and fuel must be present.
SOLID LIQUID GAS
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THE MECHANICS OF FIRE
Continued

• OXYGEN

• The fuel air mixture must be right.
• People need 19 percent to live.
• Fire only needs 16 percent.

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THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE
Portable fire extinguishers are provided for
employee use and selected and distributed based
on the classes of anticipated workplace fires and
on the size and degree of the hazard which would
affect their use. Fire extinguishers are
designed for four classes of fires
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THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE
Continued

• THERE ARE FOUR CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE

• Class - A Wood, paper, cloth, rubber, some
  plastics.
• Class - B Gasoline, kerosene, paint, propane.
• Class - C Electrical equipment.
• Class - D Metals like magnesium, titanium, sodium

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THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE
Continued

• CLASS A FIRES - ORDINARY COMBUSTIBLES

• Keep storage and working areas free of trash.
• Place oily rages in covered containers.
• Control smoking in the area.
• Limit sources of possible ignition.
• Keep passages and fire doors clear at all times.
• Know the locations of fire extinguishers.

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THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE
Continued

• CLASS B FIRES - FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS OR GASES

• Consider nonflammable substitutes for cleaners.
• Ensure solvent tanks have fusible links on
  covers.
• Only refuel equipment in well ventilated areas.
• Properly store flammable liquids.
• Use flammable liquids only in well ventilated
  areas.
• Ensure storage drums are properly grounded.
• Restrict welding and cutting to authorized areas.

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THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE
Continued

• CLASS C FIRES - ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

• Inspect wiring and insulation frequently.
• Ensure motors are kept clean and lubricated.
• Be cognizant of unusual odors.
• Ensure outlets and connections are not
  overloaded.
• Never misuse fuses, look for correct rating.
• Keep motors free of dust and excess grease.
• Ensure machinery is properly maintained.

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THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE
Continued

• CLASS D FIRES - COMBUSTIBLE METALS

• Control dust and turnings.
• Follow established control procedures.
• Never use wet sand or water to extinguish fires.
• Moisture releases oxygen which can fuel the fire.
• Metal fires can burn up to 5000 degrees.
• Metals can be extremely difficult to extinguish.

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IDENTIFYING THE PROPER FIRE EXTINGUISHER

• LOOK AT THE FACEPLATE

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LABELING OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
All Fire Extinguishers Used by This Company Will
Be Labeled in Accordance With NFPA 10, Standard
for Portable Fire Extinguishers. Locations Where
Fire Extinguishers Are Mounted Will Also Comply
With NFPA 10 for Labeling Purposes.
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USING THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

• CHECK THE GAUGE

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USING THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Continued

• PULL THE PIN

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USING THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Continued

• SQUEEZE THE TRIGGER WHILE HOLDING THE
  EXTINGUISHER UPRIGHT.

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USING THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Continued

• AIM THE EXTINGUISHER AT THE BASE OF THE FLAMES.
• SWEEP SIDE TO SIDE.

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WHEN NOT TO FIGHT A FIRE

• WHEN TO CALL FOR HELP!

• If you have no escape route.
• If the fire begins to significantly spread.
• If the extinguisher proves to be ineffective.
• If there is a choice between life and property.
• If youre unsure if you can handle the situation.
• If you are injured and it will impede your
  escape.
• If the extinguisher is not designed for the type
  fire.
• If any drums, gases, and like materials are
  engulfed.

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HOW TO SELECT A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

• SELECTING A FIRE EXTINGUISHER DEPENDS ON

• Nature of the combustibles or flammables.
• Potential severity of the resulting fire.
• - size, speed of travel, intensity etc.
• Effectiveness of the extinguisher on the type
  material.
• The ease of the use of the fire extinguisher.
• The personnel available to operate the
  extinguisher.
• The physical and emotional ability of the user.

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HOW TO SELECT A FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Continued

• SELECTING A FIRE EXTINGUISHER DEPENDS ON

• The ambient conditions (wind, drafts, fumes
  etc.).
• Adverse reactions of the extinguishing agent.
• Health and operational safety concerns.
• Upkeep and maintenance of the extinguisher.

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METHODS OF EXTINGUISHER OPERATION

• FIVE METHODS ARE IN COMMON USE

• Self-Expelling - Sufficient vapor pressure to
  expel themselves.
• Gas Cartridge or Cylinder - A separate cylinder
  is activated to pressurize the extinguisher to
  expel the agent.
• Stored Pressure - Extinguisher contents under
  content constant pressure.
• Mechanically Pumped - The operator activates a
  pump to expel the extinguishing agent.
• Hand Propelled - The use of scoops, pails, or
  buckets.

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HOW TO EXTINGUISH SMALL FIRES

• CLASS A FIRES - ORDINARY COMBUSTIBLES

• Point the extinguishing agent at the base of the
  fire.
• Do not attempt to put out the flames.
• Cool the material below its ignition temperature.
  
• Soak fibrous material to prevent re-ignition.
• Establish a fire watch to ensure no re-ignition
  occurs.
• Use water, foam or multi-purpose dry chemicals.

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HOW TO EXTINGUISH SMALL FIRES
Continued

• CLASS B FIRES - FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS OR GASES

• Point the extinguishing agent at the base of the
  fire.
• Do not attempt to put out the flames.
• Attempt to prevent oxygenation of the fire.
• Close solvent tanks lids etc.
• Know that the fire may flare up momentarily.
• Use foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemicals and halon.

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HOW TO EXTINGUISH SMALL FIRES
Continued

• CLASS C FIRES - ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

• Extinguishing agent cannot conduct electricity.
• Disconnect power to the source ASAP.
• Ensure the extinguisher doesnt make contact.
• Do not attempt to use water based extinguishers.
• Electrical fires can effect circuitry
  downstream.
• Use carbon dioxide, dry chemicals and halon.

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HOW TO EXTINGUISH SMALL FIRES
Continued

• CLASS D FIRES - COMBUSTIBLE METALS

• Multi-purpose extinguishing agent leaves a
  residue.
• The agent cools the metal to below its ignition
  temp.
• These residues are harmful to electronic
  equipment.
• Attempt to prevent oxygenation of the fire.
• Use agents that deprive oxygen.
• Know that metal fires burn extremely hot (5000
  deg.).
• Use carbon dioxide and halon.

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INSPECTING A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

• INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS

• Inspect fire extinguishers once per month.
• Inspect more often if local fire codes require
  it.
• Have fire extinguishers serviced once per year.
• Service more often if local codes require it.
• Document the monthly inspections on the card.

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INSPECTING A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

• INSPECTION PROCEDURES

• Know the locations of your fire extinguishers.
• Determine the likely types of fires in the area.
• Ensure the extinguisher is the right type
  (A.B.C.D.).
• Inspect for rust, dents or other signs of damage.
• Inspect the seal for tampering or previous use.
• Inspect the gauge and feel the weight.
• Is the extinguisher full of agent?
• Ensure the pin, nozzle and nameplate are intact.
• Report missing or damaged extinguishers.

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INSPECTING A FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Continued
INSPECT NOT ONLY THE EXTINGUISHERS, BUT ENSURE
THAT AREAS NEEDING THEM HAVE THEM ON HAND.
ENSURE HAZARDOUS AREAS HAVE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS POS
ITIONED FOR READY USAGE.