Fire Extinguisher Training

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Fire Extinguisher Training
Instructions For Use
To load the fire extinguisher training program,
click on the projection screen icon in the lower
right hand corner of the screen.
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Environmental Health and Safety
UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND
Fire Extinguisher Training
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OSHA Standard 1910.157
Occupational Safety Health Administration Stan
dard for Portable Fire Extinguishers
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NFPA Standard 10
National Fire Protection Association Standard
for Portable Fire Extinguishers
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Chemistry of Fire
Fire Triangle
Oxygen
Heat
Fuel
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What is Fire?
Fire Tetrahedron
Fuel
Oxygen
Heat
Chemical Chain Reaction
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How Fire Extinguishers Work

• Water removes heat

• CO2 removes oxygen

• Dry Chemical interrupts chain reaction

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Dry Chemical Extinguishing Agents

• Mono-Ammonium Phosphate

• Purple K

• Bicarbonate of Soda

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Fire Extinguisher Classification
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Class A Fires
Wood Paper Clothing Ordinary Combustibles
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Class B Fires
Flammable Liquids Grease Fires
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Class C Fires
Energized Electrical Equipment
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Class D Fires
Combustible Metals
D
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Using Fire Extinguishers

• Pull Building Fire Alarm
• Call University Police 711
• Know How To Use
• Use Buddy System

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Never Put Yourself or Others in Danger!
Do Not Use Fire Extinguisher If

• The fire has spread beyond
• the point of origin

• The fire is larger than a
• waste basket

• The extinguisher doesnt seem
• to have any effect on the fire

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Fighting the Fire

• Keep back to exit

• Check gage

• Check nozzle

• Make sure extinguisher
• is right for type of fire
• Keep low to avoid smoke

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Check The Gage

• Should be in the
• Green
• Any other position
• Should be recharged

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Check The Nozzle
Make sure nothing is blocking the nozzle
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• Pull the pin
• Aim at the base of the
• fire
• Squeeze the trigger
• Sweep at the base of
• the fire, back and forth

P A S S
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Aim at base of fire
10 ft
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If Your Cloths Catch Fire!
Stop Immediately where you are.
Drop To the ground.
Roll Over and over.
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Types Of Portable Fire Extinguishers At The
University
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Pressurized Water

• Limited Use

• Subject to freezing

• Electrical Shock
• Hazard

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Carbon Dioxide CO2

• Flammable liquids
• sensitive electrical
• equipment

• No gage

• Check hose nozzle

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Halon Halon Replacements

• Displaces Oxygen
• No Residue to Damage
• Equipment
• Twice as Effective as
• Carbon Dioxide

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Dry Chemical

• Most common

• Has pressure gage

• Chemical is non-toxic

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Monthly Inspection Record

• Every extinguisher
• should have a tag
• Extinguishers should
• be checked monthly
• Record date of
• inspection
• Initial in space

12-14-00
EHS-CC
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Fire Extinguisher Cabinets
Cabinets should not be locked or obstructed
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• The four elements of the fire tetrahedron
  include which of the following
• A) sodium, oxygen, fuel, electricity
• B) oxygen, fuel, chemical chain reaction, fire
• C) oxygen, fuel, chemical chain reaction, heat
• D) fuel, chemical chain reaction, heat, water

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• Water fire extinguishers function by removing
  which of the following from the fire tetrahedron?
• Electricity
• B) Fuel
• C) Oxygen
• D) Heat

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• Dry Chemical fire extinguishers function by
  removing which of the following from the fire
  tetrahedron?
• Chemical chain reaction
• B) Fuel
• C) Oxygen
• D) Heat

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• Ordinary combustible materials such as paper,
  cloth, and wood are classified as which of the
  following type of fire?
• Class D
• B) Class B
• C) Class C
• D) Class A

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• Energized electrical equipment is classified as
  which of the following type of fire?
• Class C
• B) Class A
• C) Class D
• D) Class B

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• Flammable liquids are classified as which of the
  following type of fire?
• Class A
• B) Class C
• C) Class B
• D) Class D

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• Which of the following should be done before
  using a portable fire extinguisher?
• Check the gage
• B) Make sure its the proper type
• C) Keep your back to the exit
• D) All of the above

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• Fire extinguishers should be checked at which of
  the following intervals?
• Semi-annually
• B) Monthly
• C) Every two years
• D) They do not require checking

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Fire Triangle
The fire triangle has been used for many years to
describe the process that occurs with fire.
Three elements are required for fire to take
place, oxygen, heat, and fuel. Without any one
of these elements you cannot have fire. Fire
extinguishers are designed to remove one or more
of the elements, which results in the fire being
extinguished. Oxygen and heat are the easiest to
remove. Fuel is much more difficult. Therefore,
fire extinguishers do not remove the fuel, they
remove oxygen or cool the fuel to the point the
fire can no longer burn.
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Fire Tetrahedron
In order for fire to occur the fire triangle
theory presented three things that must be
present, Oxygen, Fuel, and Heat. New research
indicates that the fire triangle does not tell
the whole story. In addition to the oxygen,
heat, and fuel that must be present, a Chemical
Chain Reaction also takes place.  These four
elements are represented by the Fire
Tetrahedron.  When any of the four items are
removed, the fire will go out.   Fire
extinguishers function by removing one of the
four components of the Fire Tetrahedron. 
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How Fire Extinguishers Work
Water extinguishes fire by cooling the fuel to
below its ignition temperature. Water has a
great ability to absorb heat. Carbon dioxide gas
acts by displacing the oxygen in the air that the
fire needs to burn, and the fire goes out.
Without oxygen in the air for fire, there is also
no oxygen to support life. Care needs to be
exercised when using carbon dioxide extinguishers
in confined areas. Dry chemical fire
extinguishers work by interrupting the chemical
chain reaction and the fire goes out.
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Types of Dry Chemical
A, B, C all purpose dry chemical fire
extinguishers use mono-ammonium phosphate as an
extinguishing agent. It is non-toxic but can
cause problems for people with respiratory
problems. It leaves a corrosive residue that can
damage sensitive electrical equipment. Purple is
a very effective, expensive extinguishing agent
that is primarily used in aircraft and flammable
liquid firefighting. Soda bi-carbonate is used
for cooking fires. It has a characteristic which
allows it to coat the surface of the cooking oil
and keep the fuel from reaching oxygen to burn.
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Classification of Fires
Fires are broken down into four types for the
purpose of classifying fire extinguishers.
Class A involves ordinary combustible materials
such as wood, paper, plastics, and cloth. Class
B is flammable liquids including gasoline, diesel
fuel, grease, and others. Class C involves
energized electrical equipment. Class D is
combustible metals, like potassium, sodium,
magnesium, and others. It is important that the
right type of extinguisher is chosen when a fire
occurs to insure the fire can be quickly
extinguished. The classification is
clearly marked on the fire extinguisher label.
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Using Fire Extinguishers Safely
Nothing inside of a building is more important
than someones life. Fire extinguishers should
only be used by persons who have been trained.
They should only be used on small fires still in
the area of origin. If the fire has moved beyond
the area of origin, everyone should evacuate the
building and allow the sprinkler system or fire
department extinguish the fire. Make sure when
using a fire extinguisher your exit or way out is
behind you. If that is not possible,
evacuate, do not attempt to extinguish the fire.
Make sure the fire extinguisher is the proper
type for the class of fire. Check the gage and
hose for proper operation.
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Pull The Pin
The pin in the fire extinguisher handle prevents
the squeezing of the handle and accidental
discharge of agent. Pull the pin and discard
before using the fire extinguisher. The pin is
usually held in place with a plastic rope and
can be easily pulled out breaking the rope. If
you have difficulty pulling the pin, it may help
to place the extinguisher on the ground and
place your foot on the cylinder for leverage
while pulling the pin.
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Aim at the Base of the Fire
For the fire to go out when using a fire
extinguisher, you must get to the source of the
fire. Take the nozzle in your hand and point the
nozzle at the location the fire appears to be
originating. This should be effective in
quickly extinguishing the fire.
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Sweep the Nozzle Back and Forth
Sweeping the nozzle back and forth while
discharging agent will allow the agent to cover a
larger area of fire. There will also be less
tendency to spread the fire around.
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OSHA Requirements
The United States Occupational Safety Health
Administration (OSHA) regulates all types
of work place safety including fire. Section 29
CFR 1910.157 covers the requirements for the
placement, use, maintenance, and testing of
portable fire extinguishers in the work place,
when provided by employer for the use of
employees. Anyone required to use fire
extinguishers should be trained in their use.
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NFPA Standard 10
The National Fire Protection Association
publishes standards, which are adopted by local
jurisdictions on many issues of fire safety.
NFPA 10 provides guidance concerning the
selection, placement, maintenance, and testing
of portable fire extinguishers. The State of
Maryland has adopted NFPA 101 the Life-Safety
Code, which incorporates NFPA 10 by reference.
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Incorrect!
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Correct!