Dag 3 Internasjonale menneskerettigheter

1
Dag 3 Internasjonale menneskerettigheter

• Stipediat Tone Wærstad
• t.l.warstad_at_jus.uio.no

2
Mutatis Mutandis

• latin etter at det som bør forandres er
  forandret / med tilbørlige endringer.
• (juridisk leksikon, kunnskapsforlaget 1987)
• "His cat" and "His dog" should be changed to "Her
  cat" and "Her dog", mutatis mutandis for pony,
  sheep and cow. i.e. "His pony" becomes "Her
  pony," and so on.
• What we said about oil goes mutatis mutandis for
  natural gas.
• (eksempler fra wikipedia.org)
• Betegner analoge tilfeller?

3

• Strand, Vibeke Blaker
• Forholdet mellom den norske grunnlovens
  menneskerettigheter, de internasjonale
  menneskerettighetskonvensjonene og ordinær
  lovgivning
• Retfærd årgang 30, 2007, nr. 4/119

4
EMK art 14

• Art 14. Forbud mot diskriminering,,
•        Utøvelsen av de rettigheter og friheter
  som er fastlagt i denne konvensjon skal bli
  sikret uten diskriminering på noe grunnlag slik
  som kjønn, rase, farge, språk, religion, politisk
  eller annen oppfatning, nasjonal eller sosial
  opprinnelse, tilknytning til en nasjonal
  minoritet, eiendom, fødsel eller annen status.

5
SP art 26

• Art 26.
•        Alle er like for loven og har uten noen
  form for forskjellsbehandling rett til lik
  beskyttelse av loven. I dette øyemed skal
  lovgivningen forby enhver form for
  forskjellsbehandling og sikre alle likeverdig og
  effektiv beskyttelse mot forskjellsbehandling på
  noe slikt grunnlag som rase, hudfarge, kjønn,
  språk, religion, politisk eller annen oppfatning,
  nasjonal eller sosial opprinnelse, eiendom,
  fødsel eller stilling forøvrig.

6
CASE OF THLIMMENOS v. GREECE

• 40.  The Court recalls that Article 14 of the
  Convention has no independent existence, since it
  has effect solely in relation to the rights and
  freedoms safeguarded by the other substantive
  provisions of the Convention and its Protocols.
  However, the application of Article 14 does not
  presuppose a breach of one or more of such
  provisions and to this extent it is autonomous.
  For Article 14 to become applicable it suffices
  that the facts of a case fall within the ambit of
  another substantive provision of the Convention
  or its Protocols (see the Inze v. Austria
  judgment of 28 October 1987, Series A no. 126, p.
  17, 36).

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CASE OF THLIMMENOS v. GREECE

• 43.  In order to reach this conclusion, the
  Court, as opposed to the Commission, does not
  find it necessary to examine whether the
  applicant's initial conviction and the
  authorities' subsequent refusal to appoint him
  amounted to interference with his rights under
  Article 9 1.

8
CASE OF THLIMMENOS v. GREECE

• 44.  The Court has so far considered that the
  right under Article 14 not to be discriminated
  against in the enjoyment of the rights guaranteed
  under the Convention is violated when States
  treat differently persons in analogous situations
  without providing an objective and reasonable
  justification (see the Inze judgment cited above,
  p. 18, 41). However, the Court considers that
  this is not the only facet of the prohibition of
  discrimination in Article 14. The right not to be
  discriminated against in the enjoyment of the
  rights guaranteed under the Convention is also
  violated when States without an objective and
  reasonable justification fail to treat
  differently persons whose situations are
  significantly different.

9
Likestillingsloven 3

• Med direkte forskjellsbehandling menes handlinger
  som
• stiller kvinner og menn ulikt fordi de er av
  forskjellig kjønn,
• Med indirekte forskjellsbehandling menes enhver
  tilsynelatende kjønnsnøytral handling som faktisk
  virker slik at det ene kjønn stilles dårligere
  enn det annet.

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CASE OF THLIMMENOS v. GREECE

• 46.  The next question to be addressed is whether
  Article 14 of the Convention has been complied
  with. According to its case-law, the Court will
  have to examine whether the failure to treat the
  applicant differently from other persons
  convicted of a serious crime pursued a legitimate
  aim.
• Legitimate aim
• 47.  The Court considers that, as a matter of
  principle, States have a legitimate interest to
  exclude some offenders from the profession of
  chartered accountant. However, the Court also
  considers that, unlike other convictions for
  serious criminal offences, a conviction for
  refusing on religious or philosophical grounds to
  wear the military uniform cannot imply any
  dishonesty or moral turpitude likely to undermine
  the offender's ability to exercise this
  profession. Excluding the applicant on the ground
  that he was an unfit person was not, therefore,
  justified.

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CASE OF THLIMMENOS v. GREECE

• Para. 46 ()If it did the Court will have to
  examine whether there was a reasonable
  relationship of proportionality between the means
  employed and the aim sought to be realised (see
  the Inze judgment cited above, ibid.).
• Para . 47 ()The Court takes note of the
  Government's argument that persons who refuse to
  serve their country must be appropriately
  punished. However, it also notes that the
  applicant did serve a prison sentence for his
  refusal to wear the military uniform. In these
  circumstances, the Court considers that imposing
  a further sanction on the applicant was
  disproportionate

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CASE OF THLIMMENOS v. GREECE

• Para 47 ()It follows that the applicant's
  exclusion from the profession of chartered
  accountants did not pursue a legitimate aim. As a
  result, the Court finds that there existed no
  objective and reasonable justification for not
  treating the applicant differently from other
  persons convicted of a serious crime.

13
EMK TP 12 art 1

• 1. The enjoyment of any right set forth by law
  shall be secured without discrimination on any
  ground such as sex, race, colour, language,
  religion, political or other opinion, national or
  social origin, association with a national
  minority, property, birth or other status.
• 2. No one shall be discriminated against by any
  public authority on any ground such as those
  mentioned in paragraph 1.