A Chronology of Events in the War of 1812

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War Of 1812
By Tayyab,John,Ben,Mike,Cristina
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Our Thesis   Neither side not the Americans or
the British claimed total victory of the War of
1812. However it was for better of the Canadians
that they did not lose, for it would have been
their independence which was lost.
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Historians Thesis   Canada won the war, or to
put it more precisely did not lose, by
successfully repulsing the armies that tried to
invade and conquer British North
America. -Pierre Berton (The Invasion of Canada
1812-1813)    Wesley Turner-
The war that both sides won.
 
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Causes of the War

• Impressments
• Violation of American territorial waters
• Interference with American trade
• Blockade
• Indian attacks instigated by Britain.

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Causes of the war according to W.W. Harney,USMC

• I. Maritime Issues
• A. Relation to French/British War
• B. Impressment
• 1. International Law
• 2. Abuses
• C. Interference with American Trade
• 1. Napoleon's Continental System
• 2. Orders-in-Council
• 3. Chesapeake Incident
• II. Economic Issues
• A. Embargo Act
• B. The Depression
• C. Other Steps and Results
• III. Political Issues
• A. The Indian Menace
• B. Territorial Expansionism
• C. Politics and Presidents

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A Chronology of Events in the War of 1812

• Year Political/Military Events
• 1807 December 22 Embargo Act passed by U.S.
  Congress stopping trade with Foreign Countries
  (repealed in 1808)
• 1809 March 4 James Madison becomes President of
  the United States
• 1811 September 30 Brock becomes Lt. Governor of
  Upper Canada
• October 12 Prevost becomes Governor-in-Chief
  and Commander of all British North American
  forces
• November 7 Battle of Tippecanoe where U.S.
  defeat Indians
• 1812 June Baltimore Riots start against anti-war
  Federalists
• June 1 Madisons recommendation to Congress to
  declare war
• June 19 U.S. President Madison declares war on
  Great Britain

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• July 1 U.S. doubles Customs Duties
• July 12 U.S. General Hull invades Upper Canada
  at Sandwich across from Detroit
• July 17 British forces from Fort St. Joseph
  capture Fort Michilimackinac
• August 5 Battle of Brownstown
• August 15 Fort Dearborne massacre
• August 16 British forces under Brock capture
  Fort Detroit
• September Baltimore Riots finish
  
• September 3 Indian attack at Pigeon Roost Creek
• September 4 Indians attack Fort Harrison
• September 5 Indians attack Fort Madison
• September 6 Indians attack Fort Wayne
• September 16 Americans fail in capturing
  bateaux convey at Toussiant Island of the St.
  Lawrence River
• September 21 Americans attack and capture
  village of Gananoque in the Thousand Islands area
• October 9 Two British schooners captured off
  Fort Erie

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• September 9 British Fleet on lake Erie defeated
  and captured by U.S. under Perry
• October 5 British defeated at Moraviantown
  Tecumseh (Battle of the Thames)
• November 3 Battle of Tallushatchee
• November 9 Battle of Talledga
• December 10 U.S. army abandons Fort George and
  burns town of Newark (Niagara-on-the-Lake)
• December 13 Drummond becomes Lt. Governor of
  Upper Canada
• December 18-19 British capture Fort Niagara in
  night attack capture and burn Lewiston and
  surrounding villages
• December 31 British capture Blackrock
• 1814
• January 22 Battle of Emuckfau
• January 24 Battle of Enotachopco
• March 27 Battle of Horseshoe Bend
• April 14 U.S. repeals embargo and
  non-importation laws
• April 25 Royal Navy extends blockade to New
  England

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• May 6 British capture Oswego
• May 30 British blockade extended to include New
  England
• July 5 U.S. defeat British at Chippewa
• July 13 U.S. capture Fort Erie
• July 19 British capture La Prairie du Chien
• July 25 Battle of Lundys Lane- both sides claim
  victory
• July 25 U.S. troops burn St. Davids
• August 8 Peace negotiations begin in Ghent and
  Great Britain offers initial peace terms
• August 9 U.S. and Creek nation sign the Treaty
  of Fort Jackson
• August 13-14 British begin siege of Fort Erie
• August 24 British burn Washington
• September 13-14 Seige of Fort McHenry (Battle of
  Baltimore) Star Spangled Banner is inspired by
  British mortars and rockets
• September 17 British assault fails against Fort
  Erie
• December 15 Hartford Convention-U.S. adopts
  additional internal taxes
• December 24 Treaty of Ghent signed to end war
• 1815 January 8 Battle of New Orleans
• February 8 News of Peace first arrives in North
  America

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Sir Isaac Brock

• Born on Oct.6 1769
• Army officer and colonial administrator
• Became Lt. In 1790
• When war was declared, Brock reinforced the
  Niagara frontier from York and went there himself
  
• The weakness of his force, caused him to use his
  natural impatience to take the offensive
• Brocks decision to attack across the Detroit
  River on 16 August was bold.
• At Detroit, Brocks total force was about 1,300
  men, of whom 400 were militia and 600 were
  Indians.
• His action at Detroit was criticized as being
  unduly rash.
• A relationship of mutual confidence and regard
  had been established between himself and
  Tecumseh.
• At Queenston, Brock-six feet two and a splendid
  target-fell to his death by an enemy
  sharpshooter.
• His personality was both attractive and
  compelling , and the memory if its combined with
  the dramatic success achieved during the brief
  four months of his war leadership and the manner
  of his death to make him warmly remembered as a
  Canadian hero.
• Died on Oct.13 1812

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This sheet features a map showing Lake Erie, the
cities of Detroit, Sarnia (named after Guernsey),
York (Toronto) and Queenston Heights. On the 1
stamp Sir Isaac Brock is shown on his horse
Alfred. The 24p stamp depicts Brock shaking hands
with Tecumseh before their joint attack on
Detroit. At this meeting, Brock gave Tecumseh the
red sash from his uniform, and Tecumseh in turn
gave Brock his elaborately beaded belt. Brock was
wearing Tecumseh's belt when he was killed in the
battle of Queenston Heights.
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Primary Sources

• From the diary of Ely Playter, York Militia
• "April 28th. Walked down to the back of the Town,
  met Young Debtlor who told me his father was
  dead, was wounded in the leg, had it cut off and
  died soon after.
• April 29th. At home packing up my things and
  hideing sic them. D. Brooks passed on his way
  to Kingston and many others also. An American
  officer and some men came to my house, broke the
  door and took many things away. We watched them
  til dark.
• April 30th. I went to the Garrison and signed my
  parole and got a pass. I spoke to General
  Dearborn of his men plundering my house. He said
  it was contrary to his orders. The appearance of
  the town and garrison were dismal, the latter
  shattered and rent by cannonballs and the
  explosions of the magazine, not a building but
  shows some marks on it. The town trhonged with
  the Yankees, many busy, the Council office with
  every window broke and pillaged of everything,
  the Government Building, the Block House and the
  buildings adjacent all burned to ashes."

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(No Transcript)
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Treaty of Ghent

• The treaty of Ghent was signed December 24th
  1814. The treaty outlined the terms for peace
  between Britain and the United States. Of the
  eleven articles in the treaty, 3 often deal with
  war. The remaining 8 deal merely with land
  division and borders.Setting most of the land
  borders back to the peace treaty of 1783. New
  borders were also set to be surveyed and drawn
  up. As well as late division.

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Articles of War

• Universal peace between Britain and the U.S. and
  all their colonies and territories.
• End of all hostilities.
• Immediately after ratification, orders to be sent
  to every squadron, armoire, officers etc to end
  all hostilities.
• All pows land and sea shall be rosined when it is
  practicable after ratification.

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Articles of Land

• All islands and lord returned as they were at
  the signing of the treaty of peace in 1783.
• Commissioners to clarify borders around areas
  where borders are unclear.
• Division of the Great Lakes finalized.
• Final articles moving towards abolishment of
  slavery. Strange article for peace treaty.

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Military Expenses and Soldiers
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The Course of the War     1812   -War was
declared on June 18, 1812 -Madison later
discovered how unprepared American troops
were -The war hawks high hopes were diminished
when they realized Canada was not going down
without a fight -The American forces of 2500 were
lead by General William Hull -They surrendered
in August 1812 at Detroit to only 300 troops
-These troops were under Canadian Sir Isaac
Brock -This surrender was due to the largely
untrained, unequipped, and unarmed American
militia who were not ready to fight -On the
Niagara River, an American expedition revolted
post a successful attack on Queenston
Heights -Stephen Van Rensselaers militia would
not cross New York state boundary  
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1813 -The British reasserted their superiority on
the sea with the Chesapeake, under Captain James
Lawrence -They accepted a challenge from the
Shannon and were quickly defeated -The majority
of American ships were captured or contained in
harbor for the duration of the war -The Native
Allies of the British varied greatly from battle
to battle -Their guerilla warfare tactics worked
well against the Americans -In January, at the
Raisin River, British troops were
victorious -With the defeat, American Captain
Oliver Perry on Lake Erie in September, allowed
General William Henry Harrison to advance against
the British -They burned Detroit and withdrew to
Canada -Harrison pursued and won in the battle at
the Thames River, in which Tecumseh, the Native
American chief was killed  
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1814 -The beginning of the year looked promising
for the British -There was no guarantee of future
supplies for the Americans due to the lack of
Government finances -New England, which was never
involved in the war, became hostile towards the
Americans and sent funds and supplies only to
the British -In July, the American forces along
the Niagara River, controlled their own actions
at Chippewa and Lundys Lane -Then Sir George
Prevost led a large army into New York down the
west side of Lake Champlain and threatened the
Hudson valley -When his other fleet was defeated
near Plattsburg in September, by Captain Thomas
Macdonough, he was forced back to Canada -In
August a British expedition to Chesapeake Bay won
victory at Bladensburg and took Washington -They
succeeded by burning the Capital and the White
House -However, the British were halted at Fort
McHenry prior to reaching Baltimore
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Interesting Facts   -United States made many
disappointing errors in the war -They needed to
attack Montreal or Quebec in order to cut off
scattered settlements of Upper Canada from the
support of the British Navys base at Halifax if
they really wanted to win the war, but they
didnt! -This would have required support of
state officials and citizens of New York and New
England states -In April of 1812, Massachusetts
elected anti-war Governor, Federalist Caleb
Strong -New Englanders didnt send funds to the
U.S. but did to Britain -The farmers also sold
supplies to the British army
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Conclusion

• The war of 1812 was of great significance to
  Canada as an independent nation. Had the United
  States been successful in their mission it is
  quite possible that Canada would not have become
  a separate country from Britain. We just might
  have become the 51th state of America.