Contributions to the War Effort

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Contributions to the War Effort
The Womens Auxiliary Army Corps was established
for women to do jobs in noncombat positions.
To name a few, women worked as nurses, ambulance
drivers, radio operators, pilots and
electricians. Other Contributions 300,0
00 Mexican Americans 1,000,000 African A
mericans 13,000 Chinese Americans 33,000
Japanese Americans 25,000 Native A
mericans (including 800 women)
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Battles
Battle of the Atlantic After Pearl Harbor, Hitler
ordered submarine raids against ships that were
on Americas east coast. Hitler did this to preve
nt food and war materials from reaching Great
Britain and the Soviet Union. In repsonse to this
, the Allies organized their cargo ships into
convoys The tide of the Battle of the Atlantic ev
entually turned when aliied ship launchings
outnumbered sinkings.
Battle of Stalingrad The German Air Force
made nightly bombing raids over Stalingrad. By
the end of September, Germany controlled
nine-tenths of the city. By defending Stalingrad,
the Soviets lost 1,100,000 soldiers.
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June 6,1944
Under Dwight D. Eisenhower in England, 3,000,000
Americans, Canadians and British troops attacked
Normandy in northern France. D-Day is the first d
ay of the invasion By September 1944, France, Bel
gium and Luxembourg had been freed by the allies
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Liberation of Death Camps
Allied troops moved further eastward into Germany
while the Soviet Union moved westward across
Poland towards Berlin. The first to come upon a N
azi death camp were the Soviets in July 1944. As
they neared Majdanek in Poland, the SS guards
tried to bury all evidence of what they had done.
They ran out of time. When the Soviets entered,
they witnessed a thousand starving prisoners who
were barely alive. The worlds largest crematori
um. 800,000 shoes were found contained in a stor
house. This is not a concentration camp, it is a
gigantic murder plant.
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Unconditional Surrender
Adolf Hitler had his underground headquarters
stationed in Berlin. He married Eva Braun on Apri
l 29, 1945, the same day he wrote out his last
speech to the German people. In this speech, he b
lamed the Jews for starting the war and his
generals for losing it. I die with a happy heart
aware of the immeasurable deeds of our soldiers
at the front. I myself and my wife choose to die
in order to escape the disgrace of
capitulation. On May 8, 1945, the Allies celebra
ted V-E Day, Victory in Europe Day.
Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945 leaving Harry S.
Truman as the 33rd president of the U.S.
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War In the Pacific
Battles, Bombs and Meetings Doolittles Raid B
attle of the Coral Sea The Battle of Midway The
Battle for Okinawa The Manhattan Project The Ato
mic Bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Yalta Conference Nuremberg War Trials
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Doolittles Raid
Tokyo Bombed! Doolittle Dood It.
APRIL 18, 1942 The Allies raided Tokyo and other
Japanese cities. Lieutenant Colonel James Doolitt
le led 16 bombers in the raid.
APRIL 19, 1942 Americans woke up to read Tokyo B
ombed! Doolittle Dood It. This lifted their
spirits knowing we had pulled off a Pearl
Harbor-style air raid over Japan
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Battle of the Coral Sea
Allied Forces America Australia May 1942 The A
llies succeeded in stopping the Japanese from
moving closer to Australia. All fighting during t
his battle was done by airplanes that took off
from aircraft carriers. Not one ship was shot by
surface ships. First time since Pearl Harbor a
Japanese invasion had been stopped and turned
around.
FIVE DAY BATTLE
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The Battle of Midway
Chester Nimitz was the commander of the naval
forces in the Pacific. JUNE 3, 1942 Chesters sc
out planes found the Japanese fleet.
In the end The Japanese lost 4 aircraft carriers
, a cruiser and 250 planes
The Americans have avenged Pearl Harbor,
Japanese official.
Midway island northwest of Hawaii
Japanese are once again stopped by the Allies.
Americans had broken Japanese code and knew
Midway was their next target.
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The Battle for Okinawa
APRIL 1945 U.S. Marines invade Okinawa Japanese
unleashed more than 1,900 kamikaze attacks on the
Allies. Sunk 30 ships Damaged more than 300 Kil
led 5,000 seamen JUNE 21, 1945 Fighting ended 7
,600 Americans died 110,000 Japanese died
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The Manhattan Project
Developing the Atomic Bomb
Led by General Leslie Groves
JULY 16, 1945 Research by J. Robert Oppenheimer
First test took place near
600,000 Americans involved
Alamogordo, New Mexico The blinding flash from th
e bomb could be seen 180 miles away.


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Hiroshima and Nagasaki
AUGUST 6, 1945 Enola Gay drops the first atomic b
omb on Hiroshima, an important Japanese military
center. AUGUST 9, 1945 The second atomic bomb wa
s dropped on Nagasaki. It leveled half of the
city. 200,000 people had died as a result of inju
ries and radiation poisoning caused by the
blasts. SEPTEMBER 2, 1945 Horrified by the destr
uction of the bomb, Emperor Hirochito had papers
drawn up to end the war.
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The Yalta Conference
FEBRUARY 1945 Roosevelt met with Churchill and St
alin at the Black Sea resort city of Yalta in the
Soviet Union. For eight days, the leaders discuss
ed the fate of Germany and the postwar world.
Stalin (Soviet Union) wanted to take a harsh
approach against Germanydivision of Germany into
occupation zones so germany can never again
threaten the Soviet Union. When Churchill disagre
ed Roosevelt then acted as a mediator. Roosevelt
hoped the Soviet Union would still join the war
against Japan in the Pacific. He also wanted
Stalins support for a new world peace-keeping
organization, the United Nations.
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The Nuremberg War Trials
Germany must pay the price. The discovery of Hitl
ers death camps led the Allies to put 24
surviving Nazi leaders on trial for crimes
against inhumanity, peace and war.
The trials were held in Nuremberg, a southern
German town. Defendants included Hitlers most tr
usted party officials, government ministers,
military leaders and powerful industrialists.
Only 12 out of 24 defendants were sentenced to
death and the other 12 were sentenced to prison.
November 20, 1945
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The Home Front Economic Gains
During the war years, unemployment fell to a low
of 1.2 in 1944. Average weekly paycheck rose 35
during the war. Farmers prospered as well. There
were imprvements in farm machinery and
fertilizers. Over 6 millions women entered the wo
rk force.
The war triggered one of the greatest mass
migrations in American history.
More than 1 millions newcomers moved into
California between 1941-1944. Towns with defense
industries had their populations doubled and
sometimes tripled. African Americans left the So
uth for cities in the North.
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Civil Rights Protest
Between 1940-1944, the percentage ofAfrican
Americans that were working rose from 16 to
30. James Farmer founded an interracial organiza
tion called the Congress of Racial Equality
(CORE). This confronts urban segregation in the
North. The violence in 1943 led America to realiz
e how serious racial tensions were in American
communities.
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Internment of Japanese Americans
The surprise Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
cause a sense of uncertainty and prejudice
against Japanese Americans from Hawaii.
General Delos Emmons was forced to order the
internment of 1,444 Japanese Americans, 1 of
Hawaiis Japanense-American population.
On the West Coast in California, newspapers were
making up nasty stories about the Japanese
Americans. FEBRUARY 19, 1942 Roosevelt required
the removal of all Japanese ancestry from
California and parts of Washington, Oregon and
Arizona. 110,000 Japanese Americans were gathered
and taken to relocation centers.
No specific charges were brought against the
Japanese Americans. In Korematsu v. United States
, the governments policy of evacuating Japanese
Americans was justified . To compensate for those
sent to camps, 20,000 was given to every
Japanese American who was in a camp. The checks
were sent out in 1990.