Grade 8 Amendment Project

1
Grade 8 Amendment Project
? Delta
Class
Compiled by Pete
2
Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly and
Petition
Proposed in 1791
Press
Religion
Speech
Petition
Assembly
Eric
3
Changes the amendment called for

• The first amendment protects the rights of
  religion, speech, press, assembly and petition
  the government.
• Freedom of Religion Back then people had to
  practice religion in their houses so they didnt
  get prosecuted. Now you are allowed to practice
  your religion where you want to.

4

• Freedom of Press Now writers are allowed to
  write whatever they want to write about. But they
  should be careful what they write about.
• Freedom of Assembly Allows you to express what
  you feel and stand up for things you dont think
  are right.
• Freedom of Petition Allows you to write a letter
  about something you want changed.

5
Conditions in the nation that made it nessasary

• Back then people were not allowed to practice
  their own religion in public. They had to
  practice it in their house. Now we are allowed to
  practice our religion anywhere.
• Back then people could not write a letter to the
  government about how they felt about a law or
  they were prosecuted. Now we are allowed to
  petion the government by writing letters about
  how we feel about a certain law.

6

• Back then people were limited to what they could
  write about in the paper. Now news writers can
  write about a variety of things.
• Back then you couldnt assemble in public for
  what you believed. You had to meet in private
  places such as basements or attics because you
  could face the consequence of being prosecuted or
  put to death.
• Back then if you spoke out against the government
  you could be arrested or sent back to your own
  country.

7
For

• I am for amendment one because now it gives
  people the rights they deserve to live.
• I am for people being able to stand up for what
  is right because if people did not do that there
  would be many problems in the world.
• I am for people being able to write what they
  feel like writing. They should also be careful in
  what they write.

8
Against

• I am against people burning the American Flag
  because that represents our freedom that we got
  from Great Britain.
• I am against people not being able to practice
  religion in public because it limits
  opportunities to join other people that believe
  the same way.

9
Long Term Effects

• The first amendment now allows people to practice
  their own religion. It also allows you to write
  to the government about how you feel about a law
  and possibly amend that law. Now you are allowed
  to write and say what you want.
• In the future I hope certain laws that I dont
  agree with such as the right to abortion will be
  amended or overturned. I hope the media will be
  held responsible for their statements they make
  in the newspaper or on the television news.

10
Credits
www.hsamuel.com For bible (slide
1) News.minnesota.publicradio.org- For flag
(slide 1) www.diggerhistory2.info For newspaper
article (slide 1) Could not find website for
picture- For protest (slide 1) www.dbia.org For
petition letter (slide 1)
11
Right to Bear Arms
By Sam
12
Changes the amendment called for.

• The changes that the amendment was called for
  were that since it was proposed during the
  revolutionary times, the amendment would allow
  people to own weapons so if they were called to
  fight in the militia they would be able to fight
  in a very short period of time. The 2nd amendment
  was also passed because it let citizens have the
  right to defend their land and stick up for what
  they think is right.

13
Conditions in the nation that made it necessary.
The conditions in the nation that made the
amendment necessary was that the British was at
war with America, so Congress thought that the
citizens should be able to defend them selves by
being able to own a weapon. Another condition was
that if the citizens would have to fight inn the
militia, they would be ready to fight in a very
little amount of time.
14
Arguments for and against the amendment.
Arguments for and against the right to bear arms
is that the states wanted its citizens to use the
weapons for good and not for bad. One argument
for the amendment was that allowing the citizens
to have weapons, they could raise a militia
incase they needed the men to fight a war when
the country needs people to fight and
15
Long term effects.
Some long term effects are good and bad. Some
results are good because it lets the people
protect their belongings and protect what they
love. Some bad results are that many deaths have
happened because the law allows people to carry a
gun and kill someone because they own a gun.
16
3rd Amendment!
Proposed by congress on September 25, 1789 By
Brittany
17
CHANGES!

• Armies not aloud to stay in houses
  without
• owners consent , during
  war or
• 
  during peace.
• 
  (standing armies)

18
Why do we need the third amendment?
--gt Armies were staying in others homes during
and not during war, without the owners
permission. Their reason to stay there though was
to be ready for war, thats why they call it,
standing armies. We needed it because, people
deserved a say in whether they wanted armies to
stay in their home or not.
19
Arguments

• There are 2 theories on the occupation of troops
• Soldiers needed to occupy private residences to
  be in a constant ready state
• The occupation of private residences by soldiers
  was an unnecessary violation of privacy

20
Long-term effects

• Today armies are not allowed to stay in others
  homes during war or peace, without the owners
  permission instead, they are stationed somewhere
  nearby.
• Sources
• A brief history of the Third Amendment. 13 Jan.
  2006     lthttp//www.thirdamendment.com/third.htm
  lgt.
• Third Amendment forgotten but not gone. 13 Jan.
  2006     lthttp//www.tomwbell.com/writings/3rd.ht
  mlgt.

21
The Fourth Amendment
Search and Seizure

• Part of the Bill of Rights
• The right to be free from unreasonable
  searches and seizures.
• Proposed on 9/25/1789
• Adopted on 6/15/1790

• BY PETE

22
What does this amendment mean?
The right of the people to be secure in their
persons, houses, papers, and effects, against
unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be
violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon
probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation,
and particularly describing the place to be
searched, and the persons or things to be
seized.
23
Changes Called For?

• Called for officials of the government to get a
  search warrant before persons or property could
  be searched
• Must be signed by a judge or magistrate
• There must be probable cause that a crime has
  occurred and this person or property was probably
  involved

24
C o n d i t i o n s i n t h e N a t i o n t h
a t m a d e t h i s n e c e s s a r y

• Changed the British practice of personal
  searches of persons and property through their
  writ of assistance which was hated by the
  colonists.
• A writ or order could be issued for almost any
  reason

25
For or Against?
For
Under the British, Every man prompted by
revenge, ill humor, or wantonness to inspect the
inside of his neighbor's house may get a writ of
assistance. - James Otis of Massachusetts, 1761
26

• There are no arguments against this amendment
• If probable cause not sufficient - No search
  warrant may be issued
• If search is illegal - No evidence may be used in
  court
• One of our most important rights
• So many books on this amendment that they would
  fill this school

27
Long Term Effects.

• Since 1790 There have been thousands of 4th
  Amendment cases, most criminal cases
• Very controversial
• These types of cases are decided everyday in
  court
• Many exceptions to the warrant requirement
• Would have to go to law school to understand all
  the exceptions

28
Works Cited

• www.luminet.net/tgort/const.htm
• www.southwestern.cc.il.us/ adultbasiced/constitut
  ion/lesson5.htm
• www.oefre.unibe.ch/law/icl/us01000_.html
• www.usconstitution.net/const.html
• Norton, Thomas James. The Constitution of the
  United States. New York Committee For
  Constitutional Government, Inc, 1941.

29
Rights of Accused Persons Right to a Speedy, Fair
Trial
Amendment 5 ratified-Sept. 25, 1789 Amendment 6
ratified-Sept. 25, 1789
Maureen
30
What Changes Were Called for?

• Self-incrimination-5th Amendment
• Double Jeopardy--5th Amendment
• Fair, public trials--6th Amendment

31
What conditions in the nation made it necessary?

• Constitution was constantly criticized for not
  protecting certain rights.5th Amendment
• Innocent people were being forced to say they
  committed the crime they were accused of5th
  Amendment
• People were going to jail without a fair, public
  trial 6th Amendment

32
Arguments for and Arguments Against These
Amendments

• FOR!
• Double Jeopardy-5th Amendment
• The Miranda Case-5th Amendment
• Self-incrimination-5th Amendment

• AGAINST!
• Double Jeopardy-5th Amendment
• The Miranda Case-5th Amendment
• Trials cost a lot of money-6th Amendment

33
Any long term effects?

• Miranda Casethis case is a landmark case.
• The police forgot to tell Ernesto Miranda his
  rightsthe rights that were forgotten were in the
  5th Amendment.
• Ernesto Miranda was free from jail and punishment
  because of the polices mistake.

34
Acknowledgements

• -Internet
• http//www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/1848/miranda.
  html
• -Internet http//www.ladyliberty.com/6th_amendmen
  t.html
• -Internet
• http//www.archives.gov/national-archives-experien
  ce/charters/bill_of_rights.html

35
More Acknowledgements

• -Internet http//www.usconstitution.net/const.ht
  mlAm1-
• -Civics BookResponsibilities and Citizenship
• -Internet http//www.ladyliberty.com/5th_amendmen
  t.html

36

The Eleventh Amendment Proposed on March 4th 1794
Bibliography www.usconstitution.net. 14 Jan.
2006 lthttp//www.usconstitution.net/constamnotes.h
tmlgt.
By Abby
37
Changes the amendment called for
The changes that the eleventh amendment called
for were limiting the authority of the federal
courts so that they could automatically hear
cases that were brought against a state by the
citizens of another state. Later interpretations
expanded this so that it can include citizens of
the state being sued.
38
Conditions in the nation
The different conditions in the nation that made
it necessary to have the eleventh amendment were
you cannot sue someone from a different state
without the states permission.
39
Arguments

• Arguments Against
• Citizens should be allowed to sue someone from a
  different state without their permission.

Arguments For Citizens shouldnt be allowed to
sue someone from a different state without the
states permission.
40
Long term effects
The long term effects from amendment eleven were
that if you want to sue someone you have to get
permission from the state they live in. It also
gave the power to allow lawsuits against other
states, but you still had to get permission.
Another effect is you cannot prosecute against
someone from the United States or someone from a
Foreign State.
41
The 12th Amendment
Choosing a President, Vice-President

• It was proposed on
• December 9th 1803

By
Bryanne
42
Changes it caused.

• It changed the way we used to vote, to the way we
  vote today.
• Women couldnt vote.
• Now days you have to be a regestrated18 year old
  male.

43
Conditions.

• Because when John Adams and Thomas Jefferson were
  running for President, and they both knew that
  their ideas practically opposed each others.
• They knew that one was going to be a President
  and the other was going to be Vice-President,

44
Arguments it caused.

• The arguments that were caused were that who ever
  was voted President, usually would have some kind
  of affect on the citizens who voted for the other
  candidate.
• Numerous arguments flew like crazy for Bush vs.
  Kerry. That was because many people wanted Bush
  to win. But people voted for Kerry and the
  results were close. But with the majority Bush
  won the election and to this day he still is our
  President.

45
Long term Effects.

• I think that choosing a President or
  Vice-President wont be any different within the
  next couple years because the government or no
  one has had trouble with voting before.
• Deciding a Pres. or Vice-Pres. can be difficult
  debating between who really should be picked and
  who shouldnt

46
WORK CITED

• http//caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data/constitution/am
  endment12/
• http//www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constituti
  on.amendmentxii.html

47
Slavery and Involuntary Servitude

• Proposed January 31,1865

By Tim
48
Changes
1. Slavery and involuntary servitude no longer
exist in the United States unless it is
punishment for breaking a law.
2.Congess has the power to enforce this law.
49
Conditions
The conditions of the slaves were absolutely
terrible. They lived in old run down shacks that
smelled and were made for animals. They had to do
horrifying work for no pay. They were whipped if
they did not do what their master told them. They
were fed just scraps off the table and were
sickly skinny. This eventually led up to the
civil war between the North and the South. The
North wanted slaves to be free and the South
wanted to keep slaves. The North ended up winning
the war and the 13 amendment was created.
50
Arguments
Most people in the North argued that slavery was
unconstitutional and unjust. Most people in the
South argued that they needed slaves to work on
the farm and they werent equal to Caucasians
because of the color of their skin. The North won
the argument and the 13th amendment was put into
place.
51
Long Term Effects
Some of the long term effects are that slaves
were now free but were not exactly equal until
the early 60s.They had bad jobs and lived to bad
house. There was much discrimination against
them. Now African Americans are equal to
Caucasians. Two people that helped these things
come true are Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther
King Jr. Without them I doubt things would be the
same today.
52
Bibliography
1.http//www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Multimedi
a.jsp?idm-3347
2.http//www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constitu
tion.amendmentxiii.html
3.http//caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data/constitution/
amendment13/
53
Amendment 15
Erica

• February 1869

54
Changes that Amendment 15 called for.

• The basic rights to ALL citizens
• Encouraged African-Americans to vote in the
  south.
• Encouraged African-Americans to live in the North.

55
Conditions in the nation that made Amendment 15
necessary

• Racism all over America
• African-Americans could not vote in the North.
  Having an effect on the Grant/Seymour election.

56
Arguments for and against Amendment 15

• The Democrats were against this amendment and
  Republicans were for it.
• This was mainly because of the previous
  Grant/Seymour election.
• The democrats were still upset that Seymour
  lost.

57
Long term effects of Amendment 15

• This Amendment is still working today. Without
  it, African-Americans could not run for political
  office.
• Encouraged African-Americans to live in the North
• This was one of the Amendments that helped racism
  end.

58
Bibliographies

• "Background of the 15th Amendment." U.S
  History.com. 15 Jan. 2006     lthttp//google.comgt
  .
• "Slavery Emancipation ." bluegrass. 4 Jan.
  2006     lthttp//civilwar.bluegrass.netgt. Path
  google.

59

• BY ERICA

60
Amendment 17Direct Election of Senators
Ratified May 31, 1913

• By Ryan

61
Changes the Amendment called for

• The amendment says that Senators can only go for
  6 years
• Also calls for a direct election of senators by
  the state and to fill the empty seats if a
  senator dies.
• Two Senators per state
• Each Senator has one vote
• Senators are now getting elected straight to the
  Senate

62
Conditions in the Nation that made it necessary

• Senators were staying there whole life as a
  senator instead of just 6 years
• Senators were not getting elected straight to the
  Senate

63
Arguments for and against it

• For
• Some Senators were staying there six years and
  when a senator dies that the state picks it
• Against
• Senators wanted to stay there whole life and that
  the other senators should pick it

64
Long-Term Effects

• Now the Senator is directly in the Senate and it
  also gives the Americans a better voice in the
  government

Sources http//www.classbrain.com/artteenst/publis
h/article_63.shtml http//www.historycentral.com/N
avy/Reports/Naval20Aviation20WWII/Part1
65
Prohibition of Intoxicating Liquors
Amendment XVIII

By Alex
66
CHANGES

• Prohibit the manufacture, transportation and sale
  of alcohol

67
CONDITIONS IN THE NATION THAT MADE IT NECESSARY

• Conflicts between religious groups
• World War I
• Foreigners

68
ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST THE AMENDMENT

• For Drys
• Middle class protestants from the city
• Preserve family values
• Eliminate crime
• Maintain food supply
• Against Wets
• Working class Lutherans and Catholics
• Regulation of citizens freedoms

69
LONG TERM EFFECTS

• Effects
• Organized Crime
• Corruption
• Bootlegging, Speakeasy
• Enforcement
• Democratic Party
• Repealed

70
Bibliography

• "The 'Nobel Experiment'." Nebraska Studies. 16
  Jan. 2006     lthttp//www.nebraskastudies.orggt.
• "Amendments to the US Constitution." Class Brain.
  16 Jan. 2006     lthttp//www.classbrain.comgt.
• Garraty, John A. The American Nation-A History of
  the US . New York Harper      Row, 1966.

71
Mikel
Amendment 19

• August 18, 1920

72

• Amendment 19 allowed women the right to vote.
• This amendment was proposed by the sixty sixth
  congress on June 4th 1919.

73
CONDITIONS IN THE NATION There was no
violence but there were protests. The women just
wanted to be treated equally.
74
ARGUMENTS

• The arguments for the women were that women were
  just as equal and important as men.
• Arguments against it were that women were below
  and not as equal as men

75
LONG TERM EFFECTS

• The long term effects were that women were able
  to vote and the voting population greatly
  increased.

76
The Twentieth Amendment
The Lame Duck Amendment
Commencement of the Terms of the President, Vice
President, and the Members of the Congress,
Etc. Purposed on March 5, 1794
By Emily
77
Changes the amendment called for
This Amendment called to reduce the time between
the elections of the president and congress and
the beginning of their terms.
78
Conditions in the Nation
When our Constitution was adopted there was a
reason to have such a long intervention of time
between the election and the commencement.
Because present conditions, the election results
are found out within a few hours after the polls
close.
79
Arguments
80
Long Term Effects
The terms of President and Vice president will
end at noon on January 20th and the terms of
Senators and Representatives will end at noon on
January 3rd and their successors will begin their
terms.
81
Amendments 22 and 23

• Amendment 22 was proposed on March 21, 1947
• Amendment 23 was proposed on June 17, 1960
• By Brandon

82
Changes the Amendments called for

• Amendment 22 changed the role of electing
  presidents and vice presidents. Now vice
  presidents and presidents may only serve 2 terms
  in office.
• A vice president however may serve to 10
  consecutive years in office. He can only do this
  if the president dies and has only served 2 years
  out of his first term in office. Then the vice
  president could serve as president for the rest
  of the last presidents term and then be elected
  and serve his 2 terms in office.

83

• Amendment 23 permitted the District of Columbia
  to choose electors for president and vice
  president either way that Washington D.C. is not
  a state. Therefore the District of Columbia
  (Washington D.C) still can vote in the Electoral
  College even though they are not considered a
  state.

84
Conditions in the nation that made it necessary
to create these amendments

• The 23rd Amendment was made so that the citizens
  of Washington could participate in the voting to
  elect the presidents either way they are not
  considered a state. That means that Washington
  D.C. gets to have as much electors as the lowest
  populated state.

85

• The 22nd Amendments purpose was to express the
  peoples feelings that if they wanted this rule
  to go into effect, or if they wanted to vote for
  the same president every four years. This also
  was to make things fair for the other
  candidates to also try to take the roll of
  president, and to also make sure that the
  president doesnt serve more than 2 terms so that
  it doesnt make a dictatorship. That would make
  the president serve as if he was a king which is
  what the United States is trying to stay away
  from. But this amendment is more for the people
  so that they can decide on who should be
  president with different candidates on every
  election.

86
Arguements for and against the Amendments

• During the creating of the 22nd Amendment,
  Congress sent out polls to see if people agreed
  that this should even be an amendment. 2/3rds of
  the polls were sent back stating that they agreed
  that this should be in effect for they too
  thought that the other candidates should at least
  have a try and run for president of the United
  States. But the rest of the polls disagreed
  because they replied that they hated the other
  candidates and wished to keep the president they
  had now even though that when electing presidents
  started, George Washington said that each
  president should only serve for 2 terms to make
  things fair.

87

• The agreement for the 23rd amendment was that
  Washington D.C. gets to join in the voting for
  presidents either way they are not a state.
  Disagreements were that just the fact that they
  werent a state made it unfair for them to join
  in the voting and not the rest of the cities at
  that time.

88
Long Term Affects

• Till this day Amendment 22 is still in effect and
  presidents may only serve 2 terms in office. But
  they could run again after they take a term off.
• Amendment 23 is also still in effect and
  Washington D.C. still has electors who can
  participate in the voting for presidents.

89
Bibliography

• 1. Wales, Jimmy. "The twenty-second amendment
  to the constitution." Wikipedia Encyclopedia. 1
  Jan. 2006. 10 Jan. 2006
• lthttp//www.wikipediaencylcopedia.comgt.
• 2. Wales, Jimmy. "The twenty-third amendment to
  the constitution." Wikipedia Encyclopedia. 1
  Jan. 2006. 10 Jan. 2006
• lthttp//www.wikipediaencylcopedia.comgt.
• 3. "Twenty-Third Amendment." Cornell University
  Law School. 25 Dec. 2005. 15 Jan.     2006
  lthttp//www.law.cornell/edu.comgt.

90
The 25th Amendment

• Proposed 1967
• Vincent

91
CHANGES CALLED FOR

• This amendment states that if the President was
  not able to do his job, the Vice President would
  become the President.

92
CONDITIONS IN THE NATION

• It was necessary because there have been eight
  times in history when the President died or
  resigned during his term.

93
ARGUMENTS

• Some people argued about what the amendment would
  do if a president were to recover from and
  injury.

94
Long Term Effects

• The amendment now made it official that if
  something were to happen to the president, the
  Vice President would become the president instead
  of doing his job.

95
Bibliography

• www.caselaw.lp.findlaw.com

96
AMENDMENT 26Voting age set to 18 years
oldProposed March 10, 1971
Justin
97
Changes Amendment 26 called for

• The age for voting was changed from 21 to 18.
• This amendment gave younger people a chance to be
  more responsible.

98
Conditions in the nation that made amendment 26
necessary

• The soldiers in Vietnam were all 18 and over, so
  since they were forced to fight and die for their
  country they thought they should all have the
  right to vote.

99
Arguments against amendment 26

• Oregon objected to the amendment.
• Supreme Court told the state of Oregon that it
  was only in the jurisdiction of the
• Congress. So congress passed the law.

100
Long Term Effects

• Now 18 year olds can participate in government
  activities and can vote.
• They have more opportunities to do stuff that
  they couldnt before.

101
Bibliography

• http//www.nps.gov/malu/documents/amend26.htm
• http//caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data/constitution/am
  endment26/

102

The 27th Amendment
Kaitlyn
September 25, 1789
103
Changes the Amendment called for.

• No law, varying the compensation for the services
  of the Senators and Representatives,
• shall take effect, until an election of
  Representatives shall have intervened.

104
Conditions in the nation that made it necessary.

• To stop Congress from passing a law
• giving itself a pay raise before the next
  election.

105
Arguments for and against the amendment.

• Arguments For,
• Salaries of the members of the House and Senate
  are not paid enough.
• Good Salaries attract qualified members of the
  House and Senate.
• Arguments Against,
• Salaries of the members of the House and Senate
  are paid too much already.
• This was an amendment proposed in 1789 that has
  never been used to date.

106
Long term effects.

• In 1978, Wyoming ratified the 27th amendment, but
  there was again, no follow-up by the remaining
  states.
• In the early 1980's, Gregory Watson, an aide to a
  Texas legislator, took up the proposed
  amendment's cause.
• From 1983 to 1992, the requisite number of states
  ratified the amendment, and it was declared
  ratified on May 7, 1992 (74,003 days).

107
http//www.usconstitution.net/constamnotes.html
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Amendm
ent_to_the_United_States_Constitution