Survey: List Some Common Insects

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Survey List Some Common Insects
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Diversity of Life

• Jeffery K. Tomberlin, Ph.D.
• Assistant Professor Extension Specialist

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Linneaus

• Systema Naturae (1758)
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

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Basic Classification of Life

• Kingdoms
• Animalia (multicellular)
• Protista (unicellular eukaryotes)
• Plantae (plants)
• Monera (algae)
• Fungi (mushrooms)

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What are Insects?

• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Arthropoda
• Class Insecta
• Species ????

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What are Insects?

• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Arthropoda
• Class Insecta
• Species ????

• Characteristics
• Six legs
• Bi-lateral symmetry
• Three body parts
• Exoskeleton

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Protura

• -Wingless
• -Live in soil (gt10 cm)
• -Reduce or no antennae
• -Adbominal appendages

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Collembola

• Springtails

-6,000 species Soil dwellers -6 segments in
antennae -No or reduces eyes -Furca for jumping
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Diplura

• -800 species
• Two tails
• -flightless
• -Soil litter insects

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Microcorypha

• -20 species
• -similar to silverfish
• -compound eyes are large
• -simple eyes (ocelli) present
• -soil dwellers, under bark, etc.
• -nocturnal

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Thysanura

• Silverfish Firebrat

-720 species -Wingless -Antennae longer than
body -3 cerci (tails)
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Ephemeroptera

• Mayflies

-2,000 species -Aquatic immatures
(freshwater) -Adult short-lived -Adults dont
feed -Three long caudal filaments -Subimago stage
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Odonata

• Dragonflies Damselflies

-5,300 species -aquatic immatures -wings held
over vs parallel to body -predators
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Grylloblattaria

• Rock Crawlers

-20 species -Not discovered until 1914 -Live in
cold places -Nocturnal -Wingless -One inch long
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Phasmida

• Walkingsticks

-2,000 species -Elongate body -Sticklike
appearance -Slow-moving herbivores -Emit
foul-smelling odor
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Orthoptera

• Grasshoppers, Crickets, Katydids

-20,000 species -phytophagous -Winged or
wingless -Front wings elongated -Hind wings are
membranous
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Mantodea

• Praying Mantids

-1,500 species -Large -Elongate -Slow-moving -Modi
fied front legs -Predators
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Blattaria

• Cockroaches

-50 species in North America -Dorso-ventrally
flattened -Head concealed from above
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Isoptera

• Termites

-1,900 species -Social -Segmented antennae -Four
wings all membranous -Cellulose feeders -Caste
system
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Dermaptera

• Earwigs

-Adults w/ or w/o wings -Segmented
antennae -Reside typically in soil -Foul-smelling
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Embiidina

• Web-spinners

-200 species -Spin silk out of forlegs -Females
wingless -Found on trees
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Plecoptera

• Stoneflies

-2,000 species -aquatic immatures -adults poor
fliers -2 vs 3 cerci
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Megaloptera

• Dobsonflies

-Two families -Largest of aquatic
insects -Similar to Neuroptera -Predators
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Zoraptera

• Zorapterans

-28 species -Very small (3 mm) -Winged or
wingless -Similar in appearance to termites -Feed
on fungi or small insect carcasses -live in
rotting logs, etc.
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Psocoptera

• Psocids

-340 species -Very small (6 mm) -Wings present or
absent -live inside usually booklice or
outdoors and called barklice
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Phthiraptera
-3,000 species -Anoplura (sucking) -Mallophaga
(chewing) -dorso-ventral flattened

• Lice

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Hemiptera

• Bugs

-80,000 species (11 K in NA) -Aquatic
terrestrial -Hemimetabolic -Large
pronotum -Mouthparts originate at
bottom -Forwings ½ scleritized
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Homoptera

• Cicadas, Hoppers, Psyllids, Whiteflies, Aphids,
  and Scale Insects

-Full wings held over body like tent -Reduced
pronotum -Mouthparts at front of
head -Hemimetabolistic
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Thysanoptera

• Thrips

-5,000 species -Usually found on flowers -Disease
transmitters -Holometabolistic (thought) -Asymmetr
ical mouthparts
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Neuroptera

• Alderflies, Fishflies, Snakeflies, Lacewings,
  Antlions, and Owlflies

-5,400 species -soft bodied -chewing
mouthparts -short adult span -larvae generally
predators
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Coleoptera

• Beetles

-360,000 species -Aquatic terrestrial -Pest
beneficial -Holometabolous -Elytra -Chewing/biting
mouthparts
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Strepsiptera

• Twisted-Wing Parasites

-370 species -Endoparasites of bees -Very small
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Mecoptera

• Scorpionflies Hangingflies

-500 species -Male genitalia up above head -Head
extended like beak -Predators or opportunist
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Siphonaptera

• Fleas

-Laterally flattened -Usually have ability to
jump -Diseases?
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Diptera

• Flies

-120,000 species -Disease transmitters -Aquatic
and terrestrial -Holometabolism -One pair of
wings halteres
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Trichoptera

• Caddisflies

-7,000 species -Aquatic -Fly fishing -Build cases
(art)
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Lepidoptera

• Butterflies Moths

-150,000 species (85 moths) -Holometablism -Aquat
ic terrestrial -Even Predators
blood-feeders -Many are pests
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Hymenoptera

• Wasps, Bees, Ants

-130,00 species -Two pair wings -Social or
solitary -Beneficial and Pests
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Mantophasmatodea

• The Gladiator

-Walkingstick, grasshopper, mantid
cross -Located in Africa -Only species -2 inches
long -Last insect order (1915)
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