Chapter 8 Operating Systems and Utility Programs

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Chapter 8Operating Systems and Utility Programs
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Chapter 8 OBJECTIVES
Identify the types of system software
Summarize the features of several stand-alone
operating systems
Describe the functions of an operating system
Identify various network operating systems
Discuss ways that some operating systems help
administrators control a network and administer
security
Identify devices that use several embedded
operating systems
Explain the purpose of the utilities included
with most operating systems
Explain the purpose of various stand-alone
utility programs
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SYSTEM SOFTWARE

• Consists of the programs that control the
  operations of the computer and its devices
• Categories
• Operating System
• Utilities

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OPERATING SYSTEMS

• A set of programs containing instructions that
  coordinate all activities among hardware
  resources
• Functions between the user, the applications
  software, and the computer hardware

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OPERATING SYSTEMS
What are the functions of an operating system?
provide a user interface
start the computer
manage programs
administer security
manage memory
control a network
monitor performance
provide file management and other utilities
establish an Internet connection
schedule jobs and configure devices
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STARTING A COMPUTER

• Booting
• Cold boot
• Warm boot (warm start)

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STARTING A COMPUTER

• Boot steps
• Power supply sends a signal
• CPU resets and finds BIOS
• BIOS performs power-on self test (POST)
• POST results compared to CMOS
• BIOS finds boot program
• BOOT program loaded and run
• Operating system loads and finds hardware

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STARTING A COMPUTER

• Boot disk
• A floppy disk, Zip disk, or CD-ROM that contains
  system files that will start the computer
• Used when a hard disk becomes damaged and the
  computer cannot boot
• Can be created by a user

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OPERATING SYSTEMS

• User interfaces

• Command-line interface
• Graphical user interface (GUI)
• Menus
• Icons
• User Friendly

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OPERATING SYSTEMS

• Operating Systems vary with regard to
• Number of users at one time
• Number of programs running at one time
• Number of processors

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OPERATING SYSTEM TYPES

• Single User / Single Tasking
• One user runs one program

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OPERATING SYSTEM TYPES

• Single User / Multitasking
• One user runs multiple programs at once

• Foreground application currently being used
• Background applications running, but not being
  used right now. Check the taskbar to see what is
  running

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OPERATING SYSTEM TYPES

• Multiuser

• Two or more users can run programs
  simultaneously.
• Found on larger installations.

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OPERATING SYSTEM TYPES

• Multiprocessing

• Two or more CPUs running programs at the same
  time
• Fault-tolerant computers
• Continues to operate when one of its components
  fails
• Has duplicate components such as processors,
  memory, and disk drives

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OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

• Memory management - optimize use of random access
  memory (RAM)

• Virtual memory (VM) uses part of the hard disk as
  additional RAM.
• Swap file
• Pages and paging
• Thrashing

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OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

• Scheduling Jobs
• Spooling print jobs
• Jobs placed in a buffer before sent to a printer
• Jobs line up in the print queue

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OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

• Configuring devices

• Device drivers tell the OS how to communicate
  with the device
• When you add a new device, a driver also must be
  present
• Plug and Play means the OS automatically
  configures new devices as you install them

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OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

• Establishing an Internet Connection

• Windows XP has the New Connection Wizard to lead
  you through setting up the connection the first
  time

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OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

• Monitoring system performance

• Performance monitoring software
• Response time
• CPU utilization
• Disk utilization

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OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

• Managing storage media and files

• File manager program
• Formatting and copying disks
• Displaying lists of files
• Checking the amount of used and free space
• Copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting
  files

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OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

• Administering security

• Logging on
• User ID
• Password

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UTILITY PROGRAMS

• A type of system software that performs a
  specific task, usually related to managing a
  computer, its devices, or it programs

• Some are built into operating system
• Some stand-alone

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UTILITY PROGRAMS

• File compression utility (WinZip)
• Diagnostic utility
• (Dr. Watson)
• Disk scanner (Scandisk)
• Disk defragmenter

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UTILITY PROGRAMS

• Uninstaller
• Windows XP uses Add/Remove Programs in Control
  Panel
• Backup utility
• Antivirus (Norton AntiVirus)
• Screen saver

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POPULAR OPERATING SYSTEMS

• Three categories
• Stand-alone
• Network
• Embedded

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STAND-ALONE OPERATING SYSTEMS

• DOS
• Several versions
• Command-line and menu-driven

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STAND-ALONE OPERATING SYSTEMS

• Windows

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STAND-ALONE OPERATING SYSTEMS

• Windows XP
• Increased reliability and performance
• Enhanced system recovery from failures with
  System Restore
• Easy-to-install home network
• Internet connection firewall
• Remote assistance for support

XP Demo
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STAND-ALONE OPERATING SYSTEMS

• Mac OS X
• Macs used the first commercially successful GUI
• Available only for computers manufactured by
  Apple
• Can open, edit, and save files created in Windows
  and DOS

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STAND-ALONE OPERATING SYSTEMS

• UNIX
• Multi-user and multitasking
• Many versions available
• Command-line interface most versions also offer
  a GUI
• Linux
• UNIX-like OS
• Free
• Open Source

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NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEMS

• Novells NetWare
• Windows 2003 Server
• Unix / Linux
• Solaris

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EMBEDDED OPERATING SYSTEMS

• Found on most mobile computers, PDAs, and other
  small devices
• Windows CE
• Pocket PC 2002 OS
• Palm OS
• Symbian OS
• Used for smart phones

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Chapter 8 Complete