Chapter 7 Operating Systems and Utility Programs

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Chapter 7 Operating Systems and Utility Programs
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Chapter 7 Objectives
Summarize the features of several stand-alone
operating systems
Identify the types of system software
Describe the functions of an operating system
Identify devices that use embedded operating
systems
Explain the purpose of the utilities included
with most operating systems
Explain the purpose of several stand-alone
utility programs
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System Software

• What is system software?

Programs that control operation of computer
Two types are operating systems and utility
programs
p. 238
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Popular Operating Systems Non-Microsoft

• UNIX Invented at Bell Laboratories Sun
  Microsystems, HP UNIX High end servers and
  software development
  
• Linux A version of UNIX
• Open-source operating system
• For high-end workstations network servers
• Mac OS
• For Apple computers
• GUI similar to Windows
• Can "speak" password with newest release

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UNIX Most Popular High End OS
Ken invented UNIX in cooperation with Dennis and
Dennis invented the C Programming Language
Dennis Ritchie
Ken Thompson
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UNIX On A PDP-11 In 1971
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Operating Systems

• What are the functions of an operating system?

provide a user interface
start the computer
manage programs
administer security
manage memory
control a network
monitor performance
provide file management and other utilities
establish an Internet connection
schedule jobs and configure devices
p. 239 Fig. 7-1
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Operating Systems

• What is a cross-platform application?

• Runs identically on multiple operating systems

• Operating system that computer uses is sometimes
  called the platform

p. 240
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Operating System Functions

• What is booting?

• Process of starting or restarting a computer

• Cold boot Turning on computer that has been
  powered off
  
• Warm boot Restarting computer that is powered on

Warm boot from Windows desktop
Warm boot from system unit
p. 240 Fig. 7-2
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Operating System Functions

• What is a user interface?

• Controls how you enter data and instructions and
  how information displays on screen
  
• With a command-line interface, a user types
  commands or presses special keys on the keyboard
  to enter data and instructions

command-line interface
p. 241 Fig. 7-3a
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Operating System Functions

• What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?

• User interacts with menus and visual images such
  as icons and buttons

p. 241 Fig. 7-3b
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Operating System Functions

• What is single user/ multitasking?

• Working on two or more programs that reside in
  memory at same time

• Foreground contains program you are using
• Background contains programs that are running
  but are not in use

p. 242 Fig. 7-4
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Operating System Functions

• What are other program management features of
  operating systems?
  

multiprocessing
multiuser
fault-tolerant computer
p. 242
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Operating System Functions

• What is memory management?

• Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM)
• With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is
  allocated to function as RAM

p. 243
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Operating System Functions

• How does an operating system schedule jobs?

Sending information to output device
Receiving data from input device
A job is operation the processor manages
Transferring items between storage and memory
Processing instructions
p. 243
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Operating System Functions

• What is spooling?

• Sending print jobs to buffer instead of directly
  to printer
  
• Print jobs line up in queue

p. 244 Fig. 7-5
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Operating System Functions

• What is a driver?

p. 244
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Operating System Functions

• How do you establish an Internet connection?

• Windows XP includes New Connection Wizard
• Guides user through setting up connection between
  computer and Internet

p. 245 Fig. 7-6
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Operating System Functions

• How does an operating system monitor performance?

• Provides program, called performance monitor,
  that assesses and reports information about
  system resources and devices

p. 245
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Operating System Functions

• What is a network operating system?

• Allows users to share printer, Internet access,
  files, and programs on a network

• Administers security by establishing user name
  and password for each user

p. 245 Fig. 7-7
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Operating System Utility Programs

• What is a utility program?

• System software that performs maintenance-type
  tasks
  
• Also called utility

p. 247 Fig. 7-8
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Operating System Utility Programs

• What is a file manager?

• Performs functions such as copying, renaming,
  deleting, and moving files

• Image viewer displays contents of graphics file
  when you double click on it

p. 248 Figs. 7-97-10
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Operating System Utility Programs

• What is an uninstaller?

Removes a program and all associated files
p. 249
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Operating System Utility Programs

• What is a disk scanner?

• Detects and corrects problems on hard disk or
  floppy disk
  
• Searches for and removes unnecessary files

p. 249
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Operating System Utility Programs

• What is a disk defragmenter?

• Reorganizes files and unused space on hard disk
  so programs run faster

p. 249 Fig. 7-11
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Operating System Utility Programs

• What is a diagnostic utility?

• Compiles technical information about hardware and
  some software
  
• Prepares report outlining problems

What is a backup utility?

• Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto
  another disk or tape

• Most compress files during backup to require less
  storage space

p. 249
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Operating System Utility Programs

• What is a screen saver?

• Causes monitors screen to display moving image
  or blank screen if there is no activity for a
  specified time

• To secure computer, user configures screen saver
  to require password to deactivate

p. 250 Fig. 7-12
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Types of Operating Systems

• What are three categories of operating systems?

p. 250
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Stand-Alone Operating Systems

• What is DOS (Disk Operating System)?

p. 251
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Stand-Alone Operating Systems

• What is Windows XP?

• Microsofts fastest, most reliable Windows
  operating system

• Available in five editions Home Edition,
  Professional Edition, Tablet PC Edition,Media
  Center Edition,and 64-bit Edition

p. 251 Fig. 7-14
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Stand-Alone Operating Systems

• What is Mac OS X?

• Available only for computers manufactured by
  Apple
  
• Macintosh operating system has been model for
  most GUIs

p. 253 Fig. 7-16
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Stand-Alone Operating Systems

• What is UNIX?

• Used by power users because of its flexibility
  and power
  
• Most versions offer GUI
• Both a stand-alone and a network operating
  system

p. 253 Fig. 7-17
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Stand-Alone Operating Systems

• What is Linux?

• Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type operating
  system
  
• Open-source softwareecode is available to
  public
  
• Both a stand-alone and a network operating
  system

Red Hat provides a version of Linux called Red
Hat Linux.
p. 254 Fig. 7-18
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Network Operating Systems

• What are examples of network operating systems?

p. 255
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Embedded Operating Systems

• What is an embedded operating system?

• Found on most mobile computers, PDAs, and other
  small devices
  
• Windows CE .NET is scaled-down version of
  Windows
  
• Windows Mobile 2003 for Pocket PC
• Palm OS for Palm, Visor, and CLIE

p. 255 Fig. 7-19
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Embedded Operating Systems

• What is Symbian OS?

• Open-source, multitasking operating system
  designed for smart phones
  
• Make telephone calls, save appointments, browse
  Web, send and receive e-mail and faxes, and more

p. 255
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Stand-Alone Utility Programs

• What is a virus?

• Potentially damaging computer program
• Affects computer without users knowledge

p. 256 Fig. 7-20
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Stand-Alone Utility Programs

• What is an antivirus program?

• Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage
  media, and incoming files
  
• Must be updated frequently

p. 256 Fig. 7-21
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Stand-Alone Utility Programs

• What is a personal firewall?

• Protects personal computer from unauthorized
  intrusions
  
• Monitors all transmissions to and from computer

p. 257 Fig. 7-22
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Stand-Alone Utility Programs

• What is a file compression utility?

• Shrinks size of files to free up room and improve
  performance
  
• Compressed files are sometimes called zipped
  files
  
• Two popular utilities PKZIP and WinZip

p. 257 Fig. 7-23
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Stand-Alone Utility Programs

• What is a personal computer maintenance utility?

• Identifies and fixes operating system problems
  and disk problems
  
• Some continuously monitor computer to identify
  problems before they occur

p. 258 Fig. 7-24
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Summary of Operating Systems and Utility Programs
Define an operating system
Discuss a variety of stand-alone operating
systems, network operating systems, and embedded
operating systems

Discuss the functions common to most operating
systems
Describe several stand-alone utility programs
Introduce several utility programs commonly
found in operating systems
Chapter 7 Complete