Leadership

1
Leadership
2
Leadership

• The ability to inspire confidence and support
  among the people on whose competence and
  commitment performance depends
• The ability to influence a group toward the
  achievement of goals

3
Ways to Define Leadership

• Individual traits
• Leader behavior
• Interaction patterns
• Follower perceptions
• Influences
• Over followers
• On task goals
• On organizational culture

4
Trait Theories

• Theories that seek personality, social, physical,
  or intellectual traits that differentiate leaders
  from nonleaders.
• Ambition Energy
• Desire to Lead
• Honesty Integrity
• Self-confidence
• Intelligence
• Job-relevant Knowledge

5
Trait Theories

• Skills Abilities related to leader
  effectiveness
• Technical skills
• Conceptual skills
• Interpersonal skills
• Analytical ability
• Persuasiveness
• Speaking ability
• Memory for details
• Empathy, tact, charm

6
Task vs. Person Orientation

• Difference in leader performance can be
  explained by extent to which leader is task vs.
  person oriented
• Task-oriented leaders
• manage/lead by instruction, goal setting
• task-focused
• Person-oriented leaders
• show concern for subordinates
• are warm and supportive
• are more hands-off

7
Predictions of Task vs. Person Orientations
8
Transactional vs. Transformational Leadership
(Bass)

• Transactional
• Contingent rewards
• Management by exception (active passive)
• Abdicates responsibilities
• Transformational
• Charisma
• Inspiration
• Intellectual stimulation
• Individualized consideration

9
Leader Traits Characteristics
Leader
Manager

• Visionary
• Passionate
• Creative
• Inspiring
• Independent

• Rational
• Consulting
• Structured
• Authoritative
• Stabilizing

10
Where does a leaders power come from?

• Expert Power
• leader has knowledge others need
• others know s/he has the knowledge
• Legitimate Power
• power by virtue of the hierarchical nature of
  supervisor-subordinate

• Reward Power
• power to control rewards such as salary, bonuses,
  promotions, praise
• Coercive Power
• power to punish AND willingness to use power
• Referent Power
• power because others like you and want you to
  like them

11
Reasons Why Leaders Fail

• No leadership training provided
• Cognitive deficiencies
• Personality shortcomings
• Paranoid/passive-aggressive
• High-likeability floater
• Narcissist

12
Putting It All Together

• The best leaders are
• intelligent, high self-monitors, high in task and
  person orientations, have high need for power,
  but low need for affiliation, and are emotionally
  stable
• The more skills the leader has, the more the
  leader will be able to adapt to the situation
• The more the leader is able to recognize the true
  situation and his/her own leadership style, the
  more likely it is s/he will make the correct
  decision