Diapositive 1

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Topic
DIVERSITY AND ETHNOZOOLOGICAL STUDY OF SMALL
MAMMALS IN SURROUNDING VILLAGE OF PENDJARI
BIOSPHERE RESERVE IN NORTHERN BENIN
By
S. DJAGOUN, V. KINDOMIHOU B. SINSIN
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Outline

• Introduction
• Specific objectives
• Study Site
• Methods
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusion

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INTRODUCTION

• In Africa, wildlife resources contributed to the
  well being of the population mainly through
  hunting, ecotourism, handicraft activities.
• Most of the wildlife resources are concentrated
  in the National park and Biosphere reserve where
  local people are characterized by unemployment,
  few local economic opportunities, and dependency
  on limited natural resources
• Research on conservation of wildlife in reserves
  in Benin has focused on large mammals due to
  their appeal for hunting, tourism and related
  uses.
• Consequently, vigorous surveillance measures
  developed in protected areas increasingly
  discourage poaching of large animals

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INTRODUCTION

• hunting of small mammals has increased due to
  their transport ease (because of their size)
  without being stopped by park guards.
• Few scientific studies have assessed the
  diversity of small mammals targeted for hunting
  and their importance for communities bordering
  the reserve.
• Ethnozoology of small mammals at the border of
  Pendjari Biosphere Reserve (PBR) may be one of
  the major way to influence decision making on
  small conservation.

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SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

• determine specific richness of small mammal
  species in the villages of Pendjari Biosphere
  Reserve.
• the relationship between the human and small
  mammal populations that flavor or not their
  conservation.
• evaluate the different traps technical of small
  mammal species in their habitat used by the
  villages sampled.
• determine socio-economic, cultural role of small
  mammal in the site study

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STUDY SITE
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METHODS
village sampled
KAOUBAGOU
BATIA
FIROU
PORGA
TANOUGOU
TCHATINGOU
DASSARI
TCHANWASSAGA
12 villages
KAYARGA
TIELE-KANE
NANEBOU
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METHODS

• Small mammal definition

according to Lamotte and Bourlière (1985) small
mammal includes all mammals whose weight or size
is less than the hare (3-5 Kg) or the marmot
(6-10 Kg).
For the purposes of this study, small mammals
included all species having at least the size of
a grass-cutter (Thryonomys swinderianus)
(overall length 40-80 cm Weight 7 to 10 kg)
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METHODS
Surveys
Local perception of the diversity of small mammal
species was determined through focus group
discussions (5-6 surveys per group),
using a poster featuring high quality images of
the species presumed to be present in PBR to
ensure that the interviewees recognized the
species and to limit confusion risk.
frequency of nomination of each species has been
calculated
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METHODS
Ethnozoological surveys
Combination of semi-structured methods and
household Data collected
30 people (hunters, farmers, and park guards)
were surveyed in each village.
Data collected Favourite species in the feeding,
last observation period of each species trapping
techniques, medicinal use, cultural items,
vernacular name and totem species
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METHODS
Data analysis

• The small mammal trapping techniques across the
  
• twelve villages was subjected to Correspondence
  Factorial
• Analysis (CFA) by using SASv8.2 software.
• We calculated the percentage of each variable
  such as the favourite species in the feeding,
  medicine, and totem species.
• the small mammals species determine by local
  perception were regrouped in different classes by
  realizing the numerous classification analysis.

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RESULTS DISCUSSION
Diversity of small mammals according to the local
perception
Pendjari Biosphere Reserve
Rodents (25 species)
Carnivores (12 species)
43 species
Primates (2 species)
Insectivores (2 species)
Lagomorphes (1 species)
Hyracoides (1 species)
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RESULTS DISCUSSION
Small mammals constitute an important food
resource in the study area except
those whose adult size remains small (Mastomys
sp, Mus haussa, Myomys derooi)
those having nauseous secretions (Crocidura sp )
those which represents a totem for some social
clans or relative believes (Atelerix albiventris,
Galago senegalensis, Lutra maculicollis, Xerus
erythropus, Cricetomys gambianus)
Small mammals are used for medicinal purposes to
treat belly aches, incurable wounds, earaches,
sexual impotence and abscess.
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RESULTS DISCUSSION
Observation period according to local perception
A
B
D
C
A 0-1 year B 1-5 years C 5-10 years D
?10 years
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RESULTS DISCUSSION
Level of knowledge about the believes associated
to the small mammal species
The believes associated to the small mammal are
less known by the young people for the rare
species which have been observed since more than
5 years
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Feeding importance of the small mammals species
RESULTS DISCUSSION
The grass cutter was the most appreciated species
(?² 360.8, p lt0.05)
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RESULTS DISCUSSION
Socio-cultural values of small mammal
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RESULTS DISCUSSION
In Kaoubagou Local trap are commonly used trap to
cable (C), trap in bow (D), and trap to the mice
(E)
Hunting techniques of small mammals according to
the villages sampled
the stick use (A), dogs use (H) and excavation of
the terriers or holes (G) Are most used in
Tanougou, Batia, Tchanwassaga, Tiélé, Kané,
Nanébou and Dassari.
The use of gun (F) and trap to jaw (B) are the
most frequent in Birikiri, Kayarga, Tchatingou
and Firou
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CONCLUSION

• Small mammals bush meat consumption by the
  population of the PBR constitutes a food
  complement, not the essential of protein in the
  food because it isnt available in sufficient
  quantity
• It presupposes that if the forestry administrator
  of the PBR is able to propose adequate
  alternatives for consumption of small mammal bush
  meat, local populations would be more susceptible
  to reduce the pressure on the remaining small
  mammals and this can allow the growth of their
  population.

We have suggested some activities such as

• the ranching of some small mammal species that
  are already documented for example grass cuter
  (Thryonomys swinderianus) and gambian rat
  (Cricetomys gambianus).
• installation of poultry farms which must be
  ruled by the local populations.

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Acknowledgments
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Thank you for your kind attention