Cells, Tissues, Organs and Body Systems

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Cells, Tissues, Organs and Body Systems

• Notes for Quiz

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Characteristics of Living Things

• Composed of cells
• Reproduce
• Grow
• Repair themselves
• Require energy
• Respond to their environment
• Die
• Produce wastes

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Microscope Parts page 356
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Microscope Safety

• Always carry the microscope by the arm and the
  base.
• Never use the coarse-adjustment knob in high
  power (you could damage the lens/slide and it
  should already be in focus).
• Always use a dust cover.
• Be careful with slide (they are made of glass).
• Store with the low-power objective lens in place.
• Start with the objective lens as close to the
  slide as possible and then move up to focus.
• Use 2 hands to focus.

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Cell Structures Animals

• Nucleus the control centre
• Chromosomes carry genetic information
• Cell Membrane controls what goes in and out of
  the cell
• Cytoplasm allows materials to be transported
  quickly and stored
• Vacuole stores water and nutrients
• Flagellum a whip-like tail that allows some
  cells to move
• Cilia tiny hairs that can move some cells or the
  surrounding environment

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Cell Structures Plants

• Plant cells have all the same structures as
  animal cells plus
• Vacuole the vacuole is much larger in plant
  cells
• Cell Wall supports and protects the plant cell
• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and allow the
  plant cell to make its own food
• SEE DIAGRAMS ON PAGE 20 AND 21

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Organelles

• Mitochondria provide cells with energy through
  respiration
• Ribosomes Proteins (needed for growth, repair
  and reproduction) are put together on endoplasmic
  reticulum
• Endoplasmic Reticulum carry materials through
  the cytoplasm
• Golgi Apparatus stores protein molecules
• Lysosomes Breaks down large molecules and
  destroys damaged or worn-out cells
• SEE DIAGRAMS ON PAGE 26 AND 27

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Diffusion

• Cell membranes are selectively permeable (they
  allow some things to enter or leave but not
  others).
• Diffusion the movement of molecules from areas
  of high concentration to areas of low
  concentration.
• Substances that a cell uses up (nutrients) will
  be low inside the cell so they will diffuse INTO
  the cell.
• Waste products tend to be more concentrated
  inside the cell so they will diffuse OUT of the
  cell.

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Osmosis and Turgor Pressure

• Osmosis is the diffusion of WATER through a
  selectively permeable membrane (like the cell
  membrane) from an area of higher concentration to
  an area of lower concentration.
• Turgor Pressure Water pressure in a plant cell
  that pushes the cytoplasm against the non-living
  cell wall, causing the plant to stay rigid.

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HOMEWORK (we will do this in class)

• Page 78-80
• 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 17, 25a
• Due next class
• Dont fret!! They are mostly multiple choice/fill
  in the blank questions.