MATERIALIZATION

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MATERIALIZATION

• In order to understand architecture, it is
  important that we should keep
• in mind the most subtle and powerful principle of
  all arts
• the agreement between material and form, made as
  intimate and thorough
• as possible by the nature of things.
• .The fusion of these two elements is the
  absolute aim of all great art.the simplest
  example is offered by poetry which cannot exist
  without the close association or the magic
  symbiosis of sound and meaning
• Paul Valery

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MATERIALIZATION

• 1. The Materials
• 2. The Enclosure
• 3. Structural Systems
• 4. Composition of the Building

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1. THE MATERIALS
Selection of materials should be done with a
high degree of coordination a) seeking
material unity (large number of different
materials tend to create a sense of disunity
) b) atmosphere or feeling (expression) c)
texture compatibility (association among
materials) d) surrounding buildings (uses and
patterns)
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1. THE MATERIALS
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1. THE MATERIALS
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1. THE MATERIALS
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1. THE MATERIALS
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2. THE ENCLOSURE
enclosure
The materialization of the
is the creation of the physical
shell around the building spaces. This
materialization is concerned with the
relationships between
the enclosing planes, the openings, and the
elements of the structure
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2. THE ENCLOSURE
The enclosing planes of a building include its...
roof, ceiling, floor and walls
Roofs and Ceilings - The roof plane and the
ceiling plane may be the same (i.e. wood deck)
or two different surfaces (dropped ceiling) -
Avoid roof situations that trap water. - The
protection of overhangs should be used only
when needed. Floors - In multi-story and
basement conditions, the floor is similar to
the roof framing. - Where land contours are
pronounced, floor levels of spaces may impose
upon or be in sympathy with the land. Walls -
Walls may be structural (bearing other loads) or
non structural (only holding up their own
weight) - Non-structural walls are used for
barriers or filters between two conflicting or
incompatible situations walls may be
temperature, acoustic or visual barriers.
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2. THE ENCLOSURE
Openings in buildings may take several
forms Openings should be woven into the entire
building geometry as strongly as possible
doors, windows, skylights, etc.
Doors - Door placement should relate to the
circulation system in the building and spaces.
It determines the number of used areas formed
in a space. - Doors should rest against a wall
when open. This minimizes swing area needed and
door interference with space activities. -
Interior doors swing into its space while
exterior doors swing out. Windows - The extent
and placement of window openings should relate
to space need for view, light or protection
from outside forces. - Window sill height should
relate to furniture height where furniture is
against a wall at a window. -
Window placement must respond to view
orientation of spaces.
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3. THE STRUCTURE

• 3.1. Structural Requirements
• 3.2. Structure Types
• 3.2.1. Post and Beam Structures
• 3.2.2. Arches and Vaulted Halls, and Domes
• 3.2.3. Portal Frames
• 3.2.4. Trusses
• 3.2.5. Space Frames
• 3.2.6. Folded Roofs
• 3.2.7. Shells
• 3.2.8. Tensile Structures
• 3.3. DETERMINATION OF THE STRUCTURAL FORM
• 3.3.1. Design Strategies
• 3.3.2. Selection Of The Generic Type Of
  Structure
• 3.3.3. Selection Of Structural Material

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3. The Structure3.1. STRUCTURAL
REQUIREMENTS

• DURABILITY
• The durability of the structure depends
  entirely in the physical/chemical conditions
• of the structural material, and our
  willingness to continue using the building ( at
  the
• end of the lifecycle of a building, it may be
  demolished)
• STABILITY AND EQUILLIBRIUM
• When the structure is stable and in
  equilibrium it resists any load without suffering
• a major change of shape or collapsing.
• STRENGTH AND RIGIDITY
• Strength and rigidity are reached by the
  adequate specification of geometry, size,
• and the material of the structural elements.
  In example, for resisting the same
• structural load, a steel structural element
  needs a smaller cross section than a

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3. The Structure3.1. MORE ABOUT STRUCTURAL
REQUIREMENTS LOADS
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3. The Structure3.1. MORE ABOUT STRUCTURAL
REQUIREMENTS LOADS
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3. The Structure3.1. MORE ABOUT STRUCTURAL
REQUIREMENTS LOADS
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3. The Structure3.1. MORE ABOUT STRUCTURAL
REQUIREMENTS LOADS
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3. The Structure3.2. STRUCTURE TYPES
ROOFS SUPPORTED WITH VERTICAL ELEMENTS SUBJECTS
OF TENSION MASTED STRUCTURES
ROOFS SUPPORTED WITH VERTICAL ELEMENTS SUBJECTS
OF COMPRESSION POST AND BEAM STRUCTURES - LOAD
BEARING WALLS - SKELETON FRAME
ROOF STRUCTURES
- ARCHES, VAULTED HALLS, AND DOMES - PORTAL
FRAMES - TRUSSES - SPACE FRAMES - FOLDED ROOFS -
SHELLS - MEMBRANES AND TENTS
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3. The Structure3.2. MORE ABOUT STRUCTURE
TYPES MATERIALIZATION OF A CUBE
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.1.
POST AND BEAM STRUCTURES
Most architectural structures are of the
post-and-beam type. Post and beam buildings
carry the weight of their structural components
(and the weight of objects and people in them)
by bearing on one another. The weight of the
roof and beams is carried by the posts down to
the foundation and then into the ground.
Horizontal beams are subject to bending loads,
therefore the structural materials should be
able of resisting both tension and compression.
We can further subdivide the post and beam
structures into
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.1.
MORE ABOUT POST AND BEAM STRUCTURES LOAD BEARING
WALLS
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.1.
MORE ABOUT POST AND BEAM STRUCTURES LOAD BEARING
WALLS
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.1.
MORE ABOUT POST AND BEAM STRUCTURES LOAD BEARING
WALLS
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.1.
MORE ABOUT POST AND BEAM STRUCTURES SKELETON
FRAME
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.2.
ARCHES, VAULTED HALLS, AND DOMES
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.2.
MORE ABOUT ARCHES AND VAULTED ROOFS
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.2.
MORE ABOUT DOMES
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.3.
PORTAL FRAMES
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.3.
MORE ABOUT PORTAL FRAMES
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.4.
TRUSSES
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.4.
MORE ABOUT TRUSSES
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.5.
SPACE FRAMES
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.5.
MORE ABOUT SPACE FRAMES
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.5.
MORE ABOUT SPACE FRAMES
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.6.
FOLDED ROOFS
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.6.
MORE ABOUT FOLDED ROOFS
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.7.
SHELLS
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.7.
MORE ABOUT SHELLS
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.7.
MORE ABOUT SHELLS
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.8.
TENSILE STRUCTURES
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.8.
MORE ABOUT TENSILE STRUCTURES
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.8.
MORE ABOUT TENSILE STRUCTURES
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3. The Structure3.2. Structure Types3.2.8.
MORE ABOUT TENSILE STRUCTURES
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3. The Structure3.3. DETERMINATION OF THE
STRUCTURAL FORM
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3. The Structure3.3. Determination Of The
Structural Form 3.3.1. DESIGN STRATEGIES
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3. The Structure3.3. Determination Of The
Structural Form 3.3.2. SELECTION OF THE GENERIC
TYPE OF STRUCTURE
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3. The Structure3.3. Determination Of The
Structural Form 3.3.3. SELECTION OF STRUCTURAL
MATERIAL
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4. COMPOSITION OF THE BUILDING4.1. ARTICULATION
AND CONTINUITY
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4. COMPOSITION OF THE BUILDING4.1. MORE ABOUT
ARTICULATION AND CONTINUITY
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4. COMPOSITION OF THE BUILDING4.2. CORNER
ARTICULATION
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4. COMPOSITION OF THE BUILDING4.2. MORE ABOUT
CORNER ARTICULATION
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4. COMPOSITION OF THE BUILDING4.2. MORE ABOUT
CORNER ARTICULATION
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4. COMPOSITION OF THE BUILDING4.2. MORE ABOUT
CORNER ARTICULATION
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References

• Architecture and Engineering An illustrated
  Teachers Manual on Why Buildings Stand Up, Mario
  Salvadori and Michael Temple, The New York
  Academy of Sciences, 1983.
• Elements of Architecture, Pierre Von Meiss, ISBN
  0-747-60014-7.
• Form, Function Design, Paul Jacques Grillo,
  ISBN 0-486-20182-1.
• Structural Design for Architecture, Angus
  Macdonald, Architectural Press, Oxford 1997.