Materials Handling

1
Materials Handling

• Marketing Logistics
• There is no audio on this presentation.

2
Unit Loads

• Unit load formation equipment is used to restrict
  materials so that they maintain their integrity
  when handled a single load during transport and
  for storage.
• Source College Industry Council on Material
  Handling Education website

3
Types of Unit Load Equipment

• Self-restraining (no equipment).
• Pallets.
• Skids.
• Slipsheets.
• Tote pans.
• Pallet boxes/skid boxes.
• Bins, baskets, racks.

• Cartons.
• Bags.
• Bulk load containers.
• Crates.
• Intermodal containers.
• Strapping tape/glue.
• Shrink-wrap/stretch wrap.
• Palletizers.
• Source College Industry Council on Material
  Handling Education website

4
Unit Loads

• Advantages
• More items can be handled at the same time,
  reducing number of trips and, potentially,
  handling costs, loading, unloading times, product
  damage.
• Enables the use of standardized material handling
  equipment.

• Disadvantages
• Time spent forming and breaking down the unit
  load.
• Cost of containers/pallets and other load
  restraining materials used in the unit load
• Empty containers/pallets may need to be returned
  to their point of origin.
• Source College Industry Council on Material
  Handling Education website

5
Pallets

• Platform with enough clearance beneath its top
  surface (or face) to enable the insertion of
  forks for subsequent
  lifting purposes
• Materials Wood (most common), paper, plastic,
  rubber, and metal.
• Source College Industry Council on Material
  Handling Education website

6
Skids

• Platform (typically metal) with enough clearance
  to enable a platform truck to move underneath for
  lifting.
• Forks can also be used to handle skids since the
  clearance of a skid is greater than that of a
  pallet
• Compared to a pallet, a skid is usually used for
  heavier loads and when stacking is not required.
  
• Source College Industry Council on Material
  Handling Education website

7
Slipsheets

• Thick piece of paper, corrugated fiber, or
  plastic upon which a load is placed.
• Tabs on the sheet are grabbed by a special
  push/pull lift truck attachment.
• Source College Industry Council on Material
  Handling Education website

8
Tote Pans

• Reusable container used to unitize and protect
  loose discrete items
• Typically used for in-process handling
• Returnable totes provide alternative to cartons
  for distribution

Source College Industry Council on Material
Handling Education website
9
Pallet Boxes/Skid Boxes
Reusable container used to unitize and protect
loose items for fork/platform truck handling
Source College Industry Council on Material
Handling Education website
10
Cartons

• Disposable container used to unitize and protect
  loose discrete items
• Typically used for distribution.
• Dimensions always specified as sequence Length x
  Width x Depth, where length is the larger, and
  width is the smaller, of the two dimension of the
  open face of the carton, and depth is the
  distance perpendicular to the length and
  width

Source College Industry Council on Material
Handling Education website
11
Bags

• Disposable container used to unitize and protect
  bulk materials.
• Typically used for distribution.
• Polymerized plastic ("poly") bags available from
  light weight (1 mil.) to heavy weight (6 mil.) in
  flat and gusseted styles.
• Dimensions of bag specified as Width x Length,
  for flat bags, and Width x Depth (half gusset) x
  Length, for gusseted bags.

Source College Industry Council on Material
Handling Education website
12
Bulk Load Containers

• Reusable container used to unitize and protect
  bulk materials.
• Includes drums, cylinders, etc.
• Used for both distribution and in-process
  handling.

Source College Industry Council on Material
Handling Education website
13
Crates

• Disposable container used to protect discrete
  items.
• Typically used for distribution.

Source College Industry Council on Material
Handling Education website
14
Intermodal Container

• Reusable container used to unitize and protect
  loose discrete items.
• Enables a load to be handled as a single unit
  when it is transferred between road, rail, and
  sea modes of transport.
• It is not as common to use intermodal containers
  for airfreight transport because of aircraft
  shape and weight restrictions.
• The
  standard outside dimensions of intermodal
  containers are 20 or 40 ft. in length 8 ft. in
  width and 8, 8.5,
• or 9.5
  ft. in height less 8 in. of length, 5 in. of
  width, and 9.5 in. of height to determine the
  inside dimensions.
• 
  Typical sea transport costs per 40-ft container
  are 30004000 from Japan to the US west coast,
• 
  40005000 from Singapore to the US west coast,
  and 25003500 from Europe to the US east coast
• 
  transport costs for a 20-ft. container is 70 of
  the costs of a 40-ft. container 15

Source College Industry Council on Material
Handling Education website
15
Strapping/Tape/Glue

• Used for load stabilization.
• Straps are either steel or plastic.
• Plastic strapping that shrinks is used to keep
  loads from becoming loose during shipment.

Source College Industry Council on Material
Handling Education website
16
Shrink Wrap/Stretch Wrap

• Allows irregular loads to be stabilized.
• In shrink-wrapping, a film or bag is placed over
  the load and then heat is applied to shrink the
  film or bag.
• Most shrink-wrapping being replaced by
  stretch-wrapping,
  where a film is wound around the load while the
  film is stretched.

Source College Industry Council on Material
Handling Education website
17
Palletizers

• Manual palletizing.
• Robotic pick-and-place palletizers.
• Conventional stripper-plate palletizers.

18
Manual palletizing

• Operators arrange items into the desired pattern
  used to form the unit load
• Semi-mechanized palletizers use operators to
  arrange items into the desired pattern for each
  layer of the unit load
  and a powered device is used to
  transfer layers onto a pallet and then lower the
  load for the next layer.

Source College Industry Council on Material
Handling Education website
19
Robotic pick-and-place palletizers

• Fully automated device to build unit loads.
• Used when flexibility is required.
• Greatest limitation is capacity.

Source College Industry Council on Material
Handling Education website
20
Conventional stripper-plate palletizers In-Line

• Fully automated device to build unit loads.
• Used when high throughput of identical loads is
  required.
  Problem")
• Capacity is typically greater (30180 items per
  minute) than pick and place, but not as flexible.
  
• Source College Industry
  Council on Material Handling Education website

21
Conventional stripper-plate palletizers Right
Angle

• Right angle" pattern formation picture)very
  flexible patterns are possible can handle a wide
  variety of case sizes and types limited capacity
  (up to 80 items per minute) compact design.

Source College Industry Council on Material
Handling Education website