National Strategy and Policy

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National Strategy and Policy

• Overview and Key References
• LtCol Brian Morgan
• PPO (PLN)
• Jul 05

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• In national wars, the value of cooperation is
  enormously enhanced, fusing, as it does, the body
  and soul of a nation into one intricate
  self-supporting organism. All must pull
  together, for such wars are the wars of entire
  nations and, whatever may be the size of the
  armies operating, these should be looked upon as
  national weapons, and not as fractions of nations
  whose duty is to fight while the civil population
  turns thumbs up or thumbs down. Gladiatorial wars
  are dead and gone.
• Major General J.F.C. Fuller
• The Reformation of War

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The JSPS

• is the primary formal means by which the
  Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in
  coordination with the other members of the Joint
  Chiefs of Staff and the combatant commanders,
  carries out his statutory responsibilities .
• is a flexible and interactive system intended
  to provide supporting military advice to the DOD
  PPBS Planning, Programming, and Budgeting
  System and strategic guidance for use in JOPES.
• provides the means for the Chairman, in
  coordination with the other members of the Joint
  Chiefs of Staff and the combatant commanders, to
  review the national security environment and US
  national security objectives.

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JSCP Overview
is a flexible and interactive system intended
to provide supporting military advice to the DOD
PPBS Planning, Programming, and Budgeting
System and strategic guidance for use in JOPES.
PLANNING
PROGRAMMING
Annual
Annual
Every 4 Years
Annual
Annual
Biennial
As Required
As Required
Annual
Annual
PRESIDENT NSS, Budget Guidance, Budget SECRETARY
OF DEFENSE QDR, CGP, DPG, FYDP CHAIRMAN OF THE
JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF JSR, JV 20xx, NMS, JSCP,
CPR, CPA SERVICES POM COMBATANT
COMMANDERS TSCs, PLANs, IPLs
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JSPS Products
Chairmans Program Assessment The CPA helps
the Chairman advice the SECDEF on how well the
POMs conform to priorities. The CPA gives the
Chairmans views on the balance and capabilities
of the POM force and the support levels needed to
meet US national security objectives.
Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan The JSCP
guides the combatant commanders and Service
Chiefs in accomplishing tasks and missions based
on current military capabilities. It apportions
resources to combatant commanders based on
military capabilities from completed program and
budget actions.
Joint Planning Document The JPD supports
the NMS with programming priorities,
requirements, or advice to the SECDEF for writing
the DPG. The JPD is drafted with the Service
chiefs, combatant commanders, and Defense
agencies, and provides input to the DPG.
National Military Strategy The NMS
provides the Chairmans advice (with the JCS and
combatant commanders) to the President, the
National Security Council, and the SECDEF. The
NMS helps the SECDEF prepare the DPG and guides
JSCP development.
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JSCP Interfaces
JOINT STRATEGIC REVIEW continuous assessment of
the strategic environmentWhat has changed? JOINT
STAFF, SERVICE, CBTANT CMD EFFORT
President/SECDEF Guidance Combatant
Command/Service/ Agency SECDEFs Defense
Planning and Resources Board President/SECDEF
Defense Planning Guidance/ Contingency
Planning Guidance POMs OPLAN
Development Preparedness Assessment

• Strategic Vision
• Direction
• Military Strategy
• Future Environments
• Security Needs
• Options
• Assessments
• Strategic Direction
• Military Strategy
• Strategic Landscape
• Security Needs
• Programs/Budgets
• Risk Evaluation
• Strategic Direction

CHAIRMANs GUIDANCE Top-down guidance
NATIONAL MILITARY STRATEGY
JOINT PLANNING DOCUMENT
JOINT STRATEGIC CAPABILITIES PLAN Guidance and
tasking for deliberate planning
CHAIRMANS PROGRAM ASSESSMENT Adequacy/Capability
Assessment of POM Force
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Chairmans Program Assessment

• The CPA assesses how well strategic guidance and
  the POMs submitted by the military departments,
  USSOCOM, and defense agencies conform to national
  military defense priorities and strategic
  guidance. When appropriate, it may contain
  alternative recommendations and proposals to
  improve conformance with strategic guidance or
  the combatant commanders priorities.

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JPEC Definition

• Those headquarters, commands, and agencies
  involved in the training, preparation, movement,
  reception, employment, support, and sustainment
  of military forces assigned or committed to a
  theater of operations or objective area. It
  usually consists of the Joint Staff, Services,
  Service major commands (including the Service
  wholesale logistic commands), subunified
  commands, transportation component commands,
  joint task forces (as applicable), Defense
  Logistics Agency, and other Defense agencies
  (e.g., Defense Intelligence Agency) as may be
  appropriate to a given scenario. Also called
  JPEC.
• Joint Pub 1-02

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JPEC Members
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Unity of Effort

• Requires coordination among government
  departments and agencies within the executive
  branch, between the executive and legislative
  branches, with nongovernmental organizations
  (NGOs), international organizations (IOs), and
  among nations in any alliance or coalition.
• In the military we achieve unity of effort
  through command.

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Unified Action

• A broad generic term referring to the wide scope
  of activities (including the synchronization
  and/or integration of the activities of
  governmental and nongovernmental agencies) taking
  place within unified commands, subordinate
  unified commands, or joint task forces (JTFs)
  under the overall direction of the commanders of
  those commands.
• Starts with unified direction. Unified direction
  normally is accomplished by establishing a joint
  force, assigning a mission or objective to the
  joint force commander (JFC), establishing command
  relationships, assigning and/or attaching
  appropriate forces to the joint force, and
  empowering the JFC with sufficient authority over
  the forces to accomplish the assigned mission.

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UNAAF

• Joint Pub 0-2, Unified Action Armed Forces
  (UNAAF), describes the broad scope of activities
  within unified commands, subordinate unified
  commands, or joint task forces under the overall
  direction of their commanders.

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Chain of Command and Control
PRESIDENT
SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
CJCS
MILITARY DEPARTMENTS
UNIFIED COMMANDS
FORCES (Not assigned to combatant commands)
COCOM
FUNCTIONAL COMPONENT COMMANDS
JOINT TASK FORCE
SERVICE COMPONENT COMMANDS
OPCON / TACON
OPCON / TACON
FORCES/CAPABILITIES MADE AVAILABLE
SERVICE COMPONENTS
SUBORDINATE UNIFIED COMMAND
OPCON
FUNCTIONAL COMPONENT COMMANDS
JOINT TASK FORCE
SERVICE COMPONENTS
NOTE This diagram is only an example it does
not prescribe joint force organization. Service
components at lower echelons may only contain
Service forces.
OPCON / TACON
OPCON / TACON
FORCES/CAPABILITIES MADE AVAILABLE
SERVICE COMPONENTS
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Combatant Commands

• Commanders in the chain of command exercise
  authority (COCOM, OPCON, TACON, or a support
  command relationship) as prescribed by law or a
  superior commander over the military capability
  made available to them.
• Unless otherwise directed by the
  President/SECDEF, COCOM is reserved for the
  commanders of the combatant commands.
• During deliberate planning, the majority of
  forces are apportioned to support the missions of
  more than one combatant commander. This requires
  combatant commanders that do not exercise COCOM
  over an apportioned force to continuously
  coordinate with the combatant commander that
  exercises COCOM in order to fully prepare for
  mission success.

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Military Departments

• The Secretaries of the Military Departments are
  responsible for the administration and support of
  the Service forces assigned or attached to
  combatant commands.
• They fulfill their responsibilities by exercising
  ADCON through the commanders of the Service
  component commands assigned to combatant commands
  and through the Service Chiefs (as determined by
  the Secretaries) for forces not assigned to the
  combatant commands.
• The responsibilities and authority exercised by
  the Secretaries of the Military Departments are
  subject by law to the authority provided to the
  commanders of combatant commands in their
  exercise of COCOM.

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Strategic Documents
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Unified Command Plan

• Approved by the President and sets forth basic
  guidance to all unified combatant commanders.
• The UCP is a classified document that
• Establishes the combatant commands.
• Identifies geographic areas of responsibility.
• Assigns primary tasks.
• Defines authority of the commanders.
• Establishes command relationships.
• Gives guidance on the exercise of combatant
  commands.

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JROC and Joint Requirements
Capability Need
Capability Development
Needs Validation Compliance
Army
Up-Front Guidance
Operational Concepts Architectures
Navy / USMC
Capability Need
Capability Development
JROC
JROC
Air Force
Capability Need
Capability Development

• Future
• Joint Warfighting Capabilities
• Seamless command and control
• Born Joint systems
• Identification of legacy systems requiring
  integration

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Joint Requirements Oversight Council

• The Defense Reorganization Act of 1986
  established the CJCSs responsibility to advise
  the SECDEF on requirements, programs, and
  budgets.
• CJCS does this by
• Assessing military requirements for major
  acquisition programs.
• Advising the SECDEF on requirements
  prioritization.
• Providing programmatic advice to the SECDEF for
  the Defense Planning Guidance (DPG) via the
  Chairmans Program Recommendations (CPR).
• Providing advice to the SECDEF on how well the
  Services POMs conform to strategic plans and the
  combatant commanders priority requirements via
  the Chairmans Program Assessment (CPA).
• Providing alternative program recommendations and
  budget proposals via the CPA.

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JROC Roles and Mission

• Help the CJCS identify and assess the priority of
  joint military requirements (including existing
  systems and equipment) to meet the national
  military strategy.
• Help the CJCS study alternatives to any
  acquisition program that has been identified to
  meet military requirements by evaluating the
  cost, schedule, and performance criteria of the
  program and of the identified alternatives.
• As part of its mission to assist the Chairman in
  assigning joint priority among existing and
  future programs meeting valid requirements,
  ensure that the assignment of such priorities
  conforms to and reflects resource levels
  projected by the SECDEF through DPG.

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PPBS Cycle
REQUIREMENTS and ACQUISITION
JSPS
KEY JPD Joint Planning Document DPG Defense
Planning Guidance POM Program Objective
Memorandum PDM Program Decision
Memorandum BES Budget Estimate Submission PBD Prog
ram Budget Decision
KEY PPBS Planning, Programming, and
Budgeting System JSPS Joint Strategic Planning
System CPR Chairmans Program Recommendations CPA
Chairmans Program Assessment IPL Integrated
Priority List
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JROC Membership
Advisory Council to assist the Chairman in
fulfilling his Title 10 responsibilities
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JROC Organization
JROC Joint Requirements Oversight Council JCB /
JRB Joint Capabilities Board / Joint
Requirements Board FCB / JRP Functional
Capabilities Board / Joint Requirements
Panel JWCA Joint Warfighting Capability
Assessment Team
Combatant commanders have a standing invitation
to attend all JROC sessions
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Joint Capabilities Board
Assists the JROC in fulfilling its duties and
responsibilities
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JROC Briefing Sequence
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JROC Responsibilities

• Help CJCS coordinate, among combatant commands,
  Service force providers, and other DOD
  components, the identification and assessment of
  joint requirements and priorities for current and
  future military capabilities, forces, programs,
  and resources, consistent with the NMS and the
  total resource levels projected by the SECDEF in
  the DPG and fiscal guidance.
• Help CJCS provide up-front guidance, oversight,
  and validation on complex requirements
  integration.
• Help CJCS develop and validate operational and
  mission area integrated architectures and
  operational concepts required by the NMS and to
  meet JV 2020 warfighting capabilities. 
• Help Vice CJCS, as the Vice Chairman of the
  Defense Acquisition Board (DAB), by reviewing and
  approving military need and joint
  interoperability requirements for potential ACAT
  I programs, JROC Special Interest programs, and
  Major Acquisition Information Systems.
• Help CJCS consider alternatives to any
  acquisition program identified to meet military
  requirements by evaluating performance, costs,
  and schedule of the acquisition program and of
  the identified alternatives.
• Assess the warfighting capabilities and
  deficiencies of combatant commands, and conduct
  other joint assessments of DOD programs,
  infrastructure, support functions, manpower,
  and/or quality-of-life matters as directed.

CJCSI 5123.01A
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JROC Functions

• Determine and oversee the processes and methods
  to be used to identify, develop, assess,
  validate, and prioritize joint requirements.
• Determine the joint requirements necessary to
  achieve interoperability among joint, combined,
  and coalition forces.
• Review warfighting deficiencies that may
  necessitate Major Defense Acquisition Programs
  and validate that such deficiencies cannot be
  satisfied by nonmaterial means.
• Direct the review of all MNSs and ORDs and
  designate those that have joint interest and
  joint potential.
• Assist the CJCS prepare the CPR and CPA.
• Conduct program reviews between formal
  acquisition milestone phase decisions to ensure
  system performance meets original mission needs.
• Ensure Service-proposed capabilities, forces,
  programs, and budgets are linked to the NMS, DPG,
  JV 2020, Joint Operational Concepts/Architectures,
  and combatant command-identified requirements.
• Establish and oversee the supporting structures
  and processes necessary to accomplish the JROCs
  assigned missions and responsibilities (e.g.,
  Joint Requirements Board, Joint Requirements
  Panel).
• Provide oversight of the JWCA process.
• Meet with combatant commands to ensure current
  and future warfighting deficiencies and
  requirements are identified, well defined, and
  given emphasis in the establishment of joint
  requirements and programmatic priorities.

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Joint Capabilities Integration and Development
System

• The JCIDS, the Defense Acquisition System, and
  the Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and
  Execution (PPBE) process form DODs three
  principal decision support processes for
  transforming the military forces to support the
  NMS and the Defense Strategy. The procedures
  established in the JCIDS support CJCS and JROC in
  identifying, assessing and prioritizing joint
  military capability needs. Validated and approved
  JCIDS documents provide this advice and
  assessment.

OBJECTIVE 8
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JWCA versus JCIDS
Joint Capabilities Integration and Development
System (JCIDS) CJCSI 3170.01C
Requirements Generation System CJCSI 3170.01B
National Military Strategy
Joint Vision
Integrated at Department
Systems
Joint Operations Concepts
Requirements
Joint Operating Concepts Joint Integrated
Architecture
Joint Capabilities
Top Down, Born Joint
Bottom up, stovepiped
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JCIDS Process
National Security Strategy
Strategy and Overarching Concepts
Joint Operations Concepts
Guidance
Integrated Architectures
Joint Operating Concepts
Joint Functional Concepts
Integrated Architectures
Integrated Architectures
Integrated Architectures

• Overlay
• what we have with
• what we need to do
• COCOM IPLs
• Gap Analysis
• Risk Assessment

Capability Assessments
Task Analyses
Assessment and Analysis
JCIDS ANALYSIS (FAA, FNA, FSA)
Capabilities-based identification of needs
combines joint concepts and integrated
architectures with analysis
Reconciliation and Recommendations
JCIDS Recommendations Capability Needs DOTMLPF
Changes
Decision and Action
Science and Technology
Acquisition
Experimentation
PPBS
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Old Acquisition Documentsversus JCIDS Documents
Old Process
JCIDS
Capstone Requirements Document (CRD) (May be
developed at JROC direction within JCIDS)
Integrated Architectures
Mission Needs Statement (MNS)
Initial Capabilities Document (ICD)
Operational Requirements Document (ORD)
Capability Development Document (CDD)
Operational Requirements Document (ORD)
Capability Production Document (CPD)
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JROC Review of CapabilitiesDocuments
Strategic Policy Guidance
Joint Operating Concepts Joint Functional
Concepts Integrated Architecture
JCIDS ANALYSIS
REFINE ANALYSIS
REFINE ANALYSIS
IOC
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Summary

• The JSPS and the JROC/JCIDS processand all
  processes in betweenare designed to make
  national strategy a reality.
• Knowledge of the JPEC helps to understand how
  military participants use a strategic plan to
  work through the various processes to achieve
  national strategic desires.
• Various documents (UNAAF, UCP, etc.) indicate how
  the military element of national power will be
  used to meet the strategic intent and goals of
  the national leadership.
• Following lessons on operational planning
  translates national security strategy into
  military objectives achievable through military
  actions.