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CUBISM

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Picasso and Braque reduced the objects to their basic planes and angles and then reassembled them in a shallow, ambiguous space. The fragments overlap, ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: CUBISM


1
CUBISM
  • 1907-1921

2
"M. Braque scorns form and reduces everything,
sites, figures and houses, to geometric schemas
and cubes."
  • Louis Vauxcelles, art critic on seeing Georges
    Braques exhibition at the Daniel-Henry
    Kahnweiler Gallery in 1908.

3
What is Cubism?
  • An influential avant-garde art movement in the
    early 20th century.
  • Cubist painters rejected the traditional concept
    that art should be a direct representation or
    copy of nature. They ignored traditional
    techniques such as natural perspectives,
    modelling and foreshortening.
  • The Cubist manner of painting heavily reduced and
    fractured objects into geometric lines, forms and
    shapes.

4
Context A New World Era
  • The early 20th century marked CHANGE.
  • Major discoveries in science and technology (e.g.
    Einsteins Theory of Relativity)
  • Advancements in transport (e.g. First airplane
    flight)
  • Imperialism (Africa, Asia and the Pacific region)
  • WWI devastation, fear, doubt, less confidence
    etc.
  • The Atomic Age
  • There was increasing demand for art that could be
    enjoyed by the general public and not only the
    elites.
  • Picasso and Braque reacted to these changes with
    a new artistic style Cubism

5
What influenced Cubism?
  • Paul Cézanne (French, 1839-1906)
  • Cézanne (1904) artists should treat nature in
    terms of the cylinder, the sphere and the cone.
  • Georges Seurat (French, 1859-1891)
  • Primitivism and non-Western art, especially
    Iberian sculptures and African art.
  • Fauvism
  • Avant-gardism and Modernism in Europe

6
How did Cubism develop?
  • There were two stages of Cubism
  • Analytic Cubism (based more on intellect than
    emotion). The style was less literal and more
    conceptual i.e. fragmenting into angles, lines
    and shapes.
  • Synthetic Cubism collage The artists attached
    bits of newspaper, cloth and other objects on the
    paintings.

7
Key Cubist Artists
  • Pablo Picasso
  • Georges Braque
  • Cubism was developed by these artists.
  • Other Cubist artists were..
  • Juan Gris
  • Jean Metzinger

8
Pablo Picasso
9
Girl with a Mandolin, Picasso, 1910, Oil on canvas
  • A girl (Fanny Tellier) plays the mandolin, which
    is a plucked string instrument.

10
Still Life with a Bottle of Rum, Picasso, 1911,
Oil on canvas
  • In the upper centre of the picture are what seem
    to be the neck and opening of a bottle. Some
    spidery black lines to the left of it might
    denote sheet music, and the round shape lower
    down, the base of a glass. In the center, at the
    far right, is the pointed spout of a porrón
    (Spanish wine bottle). This is one of the first
    works in which Picasso included letter forms. It
    has been suggested that the ones shown at the
    left, LETR, refer to Le Torero, the magazine for
    bullfighting fansPicasso being one of thembut
    they might simply be a pun on lettre, French for
    "word. http//www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cube/ho
    _1999.363.63.htm

11
The Accordionist, Picasso, 1911, Oil on canvas
12
Still Life with Chair Caning, Picasso
  • There are clear shapes of objects newspaper, a
    slice of pie, a lemon, a knife and a goblet. The
    brushstrokes seem to hover on top of the caning.

13
Georges Braque
  • By 1906, Braque was a member of the Fauves. After
    seeing Picassos Les Demoiselles d Avignon in an
    exhibition, he joined Picasso. In 1907 the two
    artists began working together to develop a new
    style.

14
Man with a Guitar, Braque, 1911, Oil on canvas
15
Roads near L Estaque, Braque, 1908, Oil on canvas
  • fragments of sky interplay with broken planes
    of green vegetation, earthy fields and warm
    rooftopslight comes from conflicting sources.

16
Juan Gris
Still life with Fruit Dish and Mandolin, 1919
17
Violin and Playing Cards, Gris, 1913, Oil on
canvas
  • On the simulated wood-grain table rest three
    playing cards, a violin, and the newspaper Le
    Journal. The violin is indicated by different
    shaded passages of wood-graining, as also by the
    instrument's purple, green, and black "shadows."
    Black, sky blue, and purple angular planes enrich
    the composition, which is set against a deep
    rust-red diamond-patterned background emulating
    the wallpaper. http//www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/
    11/eusi/ho_1996.403.14.htm

18
Cubist Style of Painting
  • Picasso and Braque shared an almost identical
    style during high Analytic Cubism (1910-12).
    Paintings from this time lack the elements of
    light, atmosphere and space that give depth and
    richness to the natural world.
  • Subject matter From immediate surroundings based
    on life in the new modern era.
  • Colour Muted, mostly monochromatic browns and
    greys not important to the picture. More focus
    is placed on form and structure.
  • Form Figures and objects have been reduced,
    fractured and dissected into geometric elements
    angles, lines, arcs, shapes etc. The technical
    and abstracted forms create a distinct sense of
    movement in the overall image. There are still
    recognisable objects that help the viewer
    understand the painting. Picasso and Braque
    reduced the objects to their basic planes and
    angles and then reassembled them in a shallow,
    ambiguous space. The fragments overlap, forming
    geometric patterns, which suggest a
    representation of the actual object.

19
Cubist Style of Painting (contd)
  • Perspective Picasso and Braque felt that the
    most accurate representation of reality in
    painting was one that revealed multiple
    viewpoints of an object at the same time.
  • Media Techniques With Synthetic Cubism,
    artists collaged using different materials.
    Instead of reproducing the look of the materials,
    they used the actual materials themselves.
  • Motifs contemporary still life with musical
    instruments, bottles, glasses, newspapers,
    playing cards and the human face and figure.
    These reflect on everyday life, especially the
    social and relaxing aspects (e.g. food, leisure).
    Cubism was about looking beyond the literal form
    of these contemporary motifs from an intellectual
    perspective.
  • Gris developed a colourful Cubist style of
    broad, angular, overlapping planes. His use of
    light and modelling forms were more naturalistic
    and descriptive.

20
What Art Critics Say
  • At first glance, Cubism appears to be a
    purposeful distortion of visual experience, as if
    the artists have consciously tried to shatter and
    splinter their subjects into an incredibly
    cramped space. But this is only partially true,
    and is more a result of visual priorities than
    outright mischief.
  • Art Context and Criticism, John Kissick (1993)
  • perhaps the most pivotal movement in Western
    Art since the RenaissanceCubism would forever
    change the way artists represented the world
    around them.
  • Movements in Art Cubism, Shannon Robinson (2006)
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