Ch. 18 PPT Renewing the Sectional Struggle

1
Ch. 18 PPT Renewing the Sectional Struggle
Kansas Nebraska Act
Compromise of 1850
2

• Theme Sectional conflict over expansion of
  slavery erupted after the Mexican-Am War and was
  temporarily quieted by the Compromise of 1850,
  but Douglass 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act created
  another explosion.

3
Popular Sovereignty

• Popular Sovereignty sovereign people of a
  territory, under the principles of the
  Constitution, should themselves determine the
  status of slavery.
• Some agreed because it went along with the
  democratic tradition of self-determination.
  (Territories decides for themselves).
• It was also a compromise of Congress, making the
  decision whether to ban or allow slavery.
• Negative point according to the North it might
  serve to spread slavery.

4
Election of 1848

• Democratic candidate General Lewis Cass
• popular sovereignty
• Avoided slavery issue
• Whig Candidate Zachary Taylor Hero of Buena
  Vista
• Never held office or voted for pres.
• Avoided slavery issue
• Free Soil Party Candidate Martin Van Buren
• Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig
  Parties.
• Pro Wilmot Proviso
• Advocated federal aid for internal
  improvements-roads

5
Free Soil Party

• Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, Free Men!
• Had conscience Whigs who condemned slavery on
  moral grounds.
• Laborers cant compete with slave labor.
• Condemned slavery for destroying chances of free
  white workers to rise up from wage earning
  dependence to self-employment.
• Foreshadowed emergence of Republican Party.

6
1848 Presidential Election Results
v
7
GOLD Discovered in CAAt Sutters Mill, 1848
John A. Sutter
8
TMWK 18

• 1. Pg 392 Describe the geographic location of the
  California Gold Rush country.
• 2. Pg 393 Describe how the miners in Placer
  mined for gold.

9
1849 California Gold Rush
49ers
10
Gold Rush in California

• Thousands rushed to CA to strike it rich!
• People made a profit off of the miners laundry
  and other personal services.
• Many lawless men and virtue less women.
• High rates of crime, robbery, violence, and
  murder.
• 1849 CA drafted Constitution - prohibited
  slavery and applied for admission to Union.
• Outraged Southern Politicians tipped balance of
  15.
• CA became free state, NM Utah wanted admission
  as free state - set precedent for Mexican cession
  lands.

11
Concerns of The South in 1850

• Desire to maintain balance of slave vs. free.
• Texans threaten to seize territory east of Rio
  Grande and north to the 42nd parallel.
• Agitation for the District of Columbia to abolish
  slavery.
• Wanted more effective Fugitive Slave Law.
• 1850 South losing about a 1,000 slaves due to
  runaways/underground railroad. (leads to Fugitive
  Slave Law).

12
Underground Railroad

• Chain of stations to help runaway slaves escape
  to the North (Railroad terminology used).
• Harriet Tubman illiterate runaway slave who went
  back to South 19 times to help other runaway
  slaves, and her parents to escape.
• Tubman known as Moses.

13
Senatorial Giants Clay, Calhoun, Webster
John C. Calhoun
Henry Clay The Great Compromiser
Daniel Webster
14
Twilight of Senatorial Giants Clay, Calhoun,
Webster who supported Compromise

• Henry Clay North and South should compromise.
  North should give in by allowing fugitive slave
  law.
• John C. Calhoun Leave slavery alone. Return
  runaway slaves. Give South its rights as a
  minority, restore political balance. Had idea of
  electing 2 presidents one each from North and
  South each with veto power.
• Daniel Webster March 7, 1850 famous speech
  argued to give concessions to the South,
  including a fugitive slave law. His speech
  helped turned the tide so North would compromise.
  He thought CA wasnt good for farming.

15
Deadlock, then Compromise

• William H. Seward against slavery, against
  concessions to South, Christian lawmakers should
  obey Gods moral law as well as mans law.
• Gods moral law is an even higher law than
  Constitution.
• 1850 Pres Taylor dies. VP Millard Fillmore
  becomes pres. Congress debated for 7 months,
  then Compromise of 1850 was passed. Pres.
  Fillmore signed the compromise measures.
• Southerners who met in Nashville condemned the
  compromise.

16
Tmwk 18

• 3. Pg 394 Map Before the compromise of 1850, what
  area was in dispute between Texas and New Mexico?
  
• 4. Chart pg 397 What did specific states receive
  or settle upon in the Compromise of 1850?
• 5. Pg 399 Map After the Compromise of 1850,
  describe the geographic location of the slave
  states and the free states.

17
Compromise of 1850
Concessions to North Concessions to South
California admitted as free state Territory disputed by TX and New Mexico to be surrendered to New Mexico Abolition of slave trade (but not slavery) in District of Columbia. New Mexico and Utah formed as territories without restriction of slavery open to popular sovereignty Texas received 10 million from federal govt as compensation Stricter Fugitive Slave Law
18
What did the Compromise of 1850 do?
19
Resolving the Texas Border Dispute
20
Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

• Called Bloodhound Bill.
• Fleeing slave cant testify on their own behalf
  were denied trial by jury.
• Feared this would set a precedent for whites.
• Federal Commissioner in charge of case received
  5 if slave was freed, 10 if not (like a bribe).
• Northerners who aided slaves to escape faced
  heavy fines and jail sentences.
• Created more abolitionists.
• Personal Liberty laws passed.

21
Who got the better deal from this Compromise?
North did!

• CA came in as free state - tipped the balance of
  power permanently.
• Territories of New Mexico and Utah open to
  slavery through popular sovereignty state votes
  to determine if they would be slave or free
• Environment of territories supported free soil.

22
Impact of Compromise of 1850 and Fugitive Slave
Law

• Debate gave North time to accumulate material and
  moral strength for war.
• Bolstered Yankee (Northern) resistance to
  secession.
• South angry because North failed to enforce
  Fugitive Slave Law.
• Many moderates moved to join the
  anti-slaveryites.
• Massachusetts made it a legal offense for any
  state official to try to enforce the new federal
  law.
• Other states passed personal liberty laws
  which denied local jails to federal officials and
  otherwise hampered enforcement of the compromise
  bill.

23
Election of 1852

• Democrat Candidate Franklin Pierce - strongly
  endorsed Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive
  Slave Law
• Whig Candidate Winfield Scott supported the
  Fugitive Slave Law
• Free Soil Candidate John P. Hale
• Democrat Franklin Pierce won the election. Marked
  the end of the Whig party
• National parties lessened. Sectional political
  parties rose.

24
Attempt to Spread Manifest Destiny

• Cuba Pres. Polk considered offering 100
  million for Cuba, but Cuba refused.
• 2 attempts made (Southerners involved) to attack
  and take Cuba failed.
• Why would Southerners want to take over Cuba?
• American ministers met secretly in Belgium to
  work to acquire Cuba. Drew up the Ostend
  Manifesto which offered 120 million for Cuba.
• Northerners found about the secret scheme so Pres
  Polk dropped the scheme.

25
Diplomacy with Asia

• Pres Tyler sought to secure trade with China.
• 1844 Treaty of Wanghia first formal diplomatic
  agreement between US and China for trading
  terms/rights. Result opened opportunity for
  American missionaries to China.
• Under Pres Fillmore, Commodore Matthew Perry
  negotiated treaty with Japan.
• 1854 Treaty of Kanagawa with Japan provided
  proper treatment of shipwrecked sailors, American
  coaling rights, establishment of consular
  relations.

26
TMWK

• 6. Pg 405 map and paragraph What was the 1853
  Gadsden Purchase?
• 7. Pg 407 What was the purpose for Congress to
  pass the Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854?

27
Transcontinental RailroadGadsden Purchase

• Land transportation badly needed to Western part
  of US. Solution build Transcontinental railroad
• Where should it be built in North or South?
• James Gadsden a railroad man, negotiated a
  treaty with Mexico.1853 Gadsden Purchase Mexico
  ceded southern parts of Arizona and New Mexico to
  U.S. for 10 million.
• Southern railroad easier to build than Northern
  one because mts less high - route would pass
  through organized territories that had federal
  troops to protect from Indian tribes.

28
What was the 1853 Gadsden Purchase?
29
How did the Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854 DO AWAY
with compromise?
30
Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854

• Purpose of the law was to create two new
  territories for an opportunity to build a
  railroad line.
• Stephen Douglas introduced the legislation to go
  against Gadsden Purchase.
• Territory of Nebraska would be split into two
  territories Nebraska and Kansas.
• Slavery issue settled by popular sovereignty.
• Kansas most likely slave, Nebraska free
• Problem contradicted Missouri Compromise of
  1820 (which forbid slavery in the proposed
  Nebraska territory, north of the 36 30 line)
• Missouri Compromise of 1820 was repealed

31
Fallout from Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Southerners supported the Kansas Nebraska Act and
  Northerners resisted.
• Led to violence - Bleeding Kansas.
• Destroyed Compromise of 1850.
• Increased tension over Fugitive Slave Law.
• Paved way to Civil War.

32
TMWK

• 8. Discuss Do you believe Stephen Douglas was an
  instigator of war because he introduced the
  Kansas-Nebraska Act? OR was war inevitable even
  if the Kansas-Nebraska Act hadnt been enacted?
  Give evidence, details, and examples for your
  opinion.

33
(No Transcript)