Hofstede

1
Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions

• Power distance
• Uncertainty avoidance
• Individualism vs. Collectivism
• Masculinity vs.Femininity
• Long-term vs. short-term

2
Selected Countries on theUncertainty Avoidance
Masculinity Scales

• Uncertainty Avoidance Index

Status Quo
Risk-taking
Fem
SWE
YUG
FRAN SPN
SING
Masculinity Index
GRE
HK
GER
SO AMER
So AMER
USA
GB
Masc
JAPAN
3
Selected Countries on theUncertainty Avoidance
Power Distance Scales

• Uncertainty Avoidance Index

High - Status Quo
Risk-taking -Low
Low
SWE
GER
GB
USA
Power Distance Index
JAPAN
SPN
GRE
FRAN
SO AMER
YUG
HK
SING
IND
PHIL
High
4
Congressional Legislation

• Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts
• Equal Pay Act (1963)
• men women paid equally for equal work
• Title VII of Civil Rights Act (1964)
• covers race,color,religion,sex and national
  origin
• 15 or more employees
• Age Discrimination Act (1967)
• over 40 years of age
• 15 or more employees
• Vocational Rehabilitation Act (1973)
• affirmative action for people with disabilities

IRWIN

• a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc.,
  company, 1997

5
Congressional Legislation(cont.)

• Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment Act (1974)
• affirmative action for Vietnam vets
• Civil Rights Act (1991)
• adds compensatory and punitive damages
• Americans with Disabilites Act (1990)
• prohibits discrimination based on disability
• reasonable accomodation
• determine essential job functions
• Family and Medical Leave Act (1993)
• 12 weeks of unpaid leave
• firms with more than 50 employees

IRWIN

• a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc.,
  company, 1997

6
Executive Orders

• Number 11246
• affirmative action targets for
• women minorities
• Number 11478
• government employment policies based on merit
  fitness

IRWIN

• a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc.,
  company, 1997

7
Affirmative Action Plans
have three basic components

• Utilization analysis
• Goals and timetables
• Action steps

IRWIN

• a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc.,
  company, 1997

8
Types of Discrimination
Disparate Treatment
Disparate Impact
Pattern or Practice
- Yes - member of protected group - show
BFOQ - reason a pretext - compensatory/
punitive - McDonnell Douglas v. Green Hopkins
v. Price Waterhouse
- Yes - statistical disparity individual
cases - workforce need not mirror
population - compensatory/ punitive -
Hazelwood School District v. U.S.
- No - statistical disparity - show job
relatedness - other ways exist - equitable
relief - Griggs v. Duke Power Wards Cove
v. Atonio
- Show intent? - Prima facie case - Employers
defense - Plaintiffs rebuttal -
Damages - Key litigation
IRWIN

• a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc.,
  company, 1997

9
Current Diversity Issues

• Sexual Harassment
• Bundy v. Jackson quid pro quo
• Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson
• hostile working environment
• Affirmative action reverse discriminatrion
• Americans with Disabitilies Act
• Religious Discrimination

IRWIN

• a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc.,
  company, 1997