Organic Chemistry

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Organic Chemistry

• Applied Chemistry
• Milbank High School

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Organic Chemistry

• Chemistry of compounds that contain carbon
• Combine mainly with hydrogen, oxygen, and
  nitrogen
• Over 10 million compounds made with these 4
  elements
• 95 of compounds contain carbon

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Properties

• Very Flammable!
• Combustion reactions
• Dont react with other compounds much

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Types

• Hydrocarbons
• Alcohols, phenols, ethers
• Carboxylic acids, amines, ketones

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Hydrocarbons

• Methane, ethane, propane
• Ethylene
• Acetylene

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Alcohols

• Methanol
• Ethanol
• Isopropyl alcohol

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Ethanol

• Wines
• 12 ethanol
• Champagnes
• 14-20 ethanol
• Beers
• 4 ethanol
• Whiskey
• 50 ethanol
• Proof spirit alcoholic content of a beverage,
  twice that of the alcohol content by volume
  (whiskey 100 proof)

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Ethanol Cont

• Toxic to humans
• Acute poisoning kills several hundred a year
  (drinking contests)
• Long term poisoning
• Most serious drug problem in US
• 40 times more addicts than heroin

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More alcohols

• Nitroglycerin
• Ethylene glycol
• Identification of alcohols
• Contain an OH group

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Alcohol in the Blood

• Ethanol is a depressant, not a stimulant
• Diminished judgment and less control of actions
• Does NOT keep you warm in cold weather
• Causes blood vessels to dilate
• Accelerates the loss of heat loss
• ½ of all frostbite victims are legally drunk
• Shortens life span by contributing to diseases of
  the liver, cardiovascular system, and almost
  every other organ in the body

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Octane Rating

• Amount of octane (isooctane) present in gasoline
• Remainder is heptane
• Catalytic reforming
• Change low octane fuels into high octane fuels
• Additives
• Ethers, alcohols

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Distillation

• Method of separating chemicals based upon their
  boiling point
• Crude oil
• Water from salt water etc
• Alcohol

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Titration

• Used to determine the concentration of a known
  reactant
• Indicator
• Shows when the solutions are at equilibrium
• Utilizes precise measurements and requires
  accurate lab skills

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