The Human Development Approach and People with Disabilities

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The Human Development Approach and People with
Disabilities
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• Human Development Conceptual and measurement
  framework
• Human Development Contribution to the development
  debate
• Entry Points for Disability in the Human
  Development Approach

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• Conceptual and measurement framework

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• The contrast between what great things human
  beings can achieve and what limited lives most
  women and men end up living is truly remarkable.
• - Amartya Sen
• People are the real wealth of nations.
• The objective of development is to create an
  enabling environment for people to enjoy long,
  healthy and creative lives.
• - Mahbub ul Haq

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• 2010 Human development
• "Human development is the expansion of
  peoples freedoms to live long, healthy and
  creative lives to advance other goals they have
  reason to value and to engage actively in
  shaping development equitably and sustainably on
  a shared planet. People are both the
  beneficiaries and drivers of human development,
  as individuals and in groups.

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Human Development Index (HDI)
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Measuring Human DevelopmentThe origins GDP vs
HDI

• The HDI is an index just as vulgar as GDP but it
  stands for better things (Amartya Sen)
• HDI aggregates health education and income
• GDP/HDI
• commodity-centred vs human-centred
• Indicators need to be relevant, internationally
  comparable, available for many countries
• Neglected dimensions gender, equity,
  sustainability...

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Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)
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Gender Inequality Index (GII)
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Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
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• HD Indices Sources
• HDI
• Life expectancy UNDESA World Population
  Prospects
• Years of Schooling UNESCO Institute for
  Statistics and Barro and Lee (2010) NBER working
  paper 15902
• GNI PPP per capita World Banks World
  Development Indicators
• IHDI
• Life expectancy UNDESA World Population
  Prospects
• Years of Schooling household survey data in
  international databases (EUSILC, UNICEF-MICS,
  USAID-DHS, WHO-WHS)
• Household income or consumption household survey
  data in international databases (Luxemburg Income
  Study, EUSILC, UNICEF-MICS, USAID-DHS, World
  Banks International Income Distribution
  Database, United Nations Universitys Income
  Inequality Database)

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• HD Indices Sources
• GII
• Maternal Mortality UNICEFs The State of Worlds
  Children
• Adolescent Fertility UNDESA World Population
  Prospects
• Educational Attainments UNESCO Institute for
  Statistics and Barro and Lee (2010) NBER working
  paper 15902
• Labour Market Participation ILO LABORISTA
  database
• MPI household surveys
• Demographic and Health Survey USAID
• The Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey UNICEF
• The World Health Survey - WHO

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• 2. Contribution to the development debate

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Global Reports1990-2010

• HDR 90 - Concept and Measurement
• HDR 91 - Financing
• HDR 92 - Global Dimensions
• HDR 93 - Peoples Participation
• HDR 94 - Human Security
• HDR 95 - Gender
• HDR 96 - Economic Growth
• HDR 97 - Eradicate Poverty
• HDR 98 - Consumption
• HDR 99 - Globalization
• HDR 00 - Human Rights
• HDR 01 - New technologies
• HDR 02 - Democracy
• HDR 03 - MDGs
• HDR 04 - Cultural Liberty
• HDR 05 - Aid, trade and security
• HDR 06 - Water
• HDR 07/08 - Climate Change
• HDR 09 - Migration

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HDR Impact News and academic citations

• HDR continues to outperform its closest
  competitor (the World Banks annual World
  Development Report) by almost 21
• The HDI is a key contributor to that success.
• In academic citations, the HDR recently overtook
  the WDR.
• In 2010, HDRs academic citations 4,090,
  compared to the WDRs 2,790
• Widespread endorsement from policy and academic
  circles
• One of the worlds most significant documents.
  Gregg Easterbrook, The New Republic
• Substantially enriches our understanding of the
  development landscape. Dani Rodrik, Harvard

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Regional, National and Sub-national Reports
More than just Reports Since 1992, more than 600
National and Sub-national HDRs, as well as 30
Regional Reports, have been produced in more then
130 countries.

• Inspired by the global HDR
• Tool to tailor development strategies to local
  realities
• Seeing people as the nations wealth, end and
  means of advancing the development agenda
• Provide new research and disaggregated data
• Offer innovation in concept, measurement, and
  policy
• Focus on equity, efficiency, empowerment, and
  sustainability in policies and the HDR process
  itself

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NHDR influence

• Inclusive youth involvement in each stage of the
  HDR preparation process
• Thorough analysis focus on 5 million youth out
  of education and employment
• Relevance more than 1,000 news reports, articles
  and interviews
• Influence youth policy and youth NGOs coalition

Turkey HDR2008 Youth in Turkey
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The importance of an inclusive process

• 216 events to gauge opinions and gather voices,
  proposals and commitments
• 4,369 people throughout the different
  territories community members, local leaders,
  civil servants, government representatives,
  academics, businessmen and women, workers,
  country workers and farmers, displaced people,
  the disabled, those reinserted into society,
  women and the elderly, young people, homosexuals,
  indigenous people and people of African descent.

Colombia Valle del Cauca sub-national HDR
2008On the path to an inclusive and peaceful
Valle del Cauca
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Measurement Innovation

• Disaggregation (e.g. Roma MDGs)
• Comparing subjective and objective data (e.g.
  human security perceptions in Latvia)
• Qualitative analysis of quantitative data (e.g.
  Cambodia - the financial returns to education are
  higher for women)
• Measuring deprivations in the country-context
  (e.g. social inclusion indices in BiH)
• New indices covering more dimensions (e.g.
  Dominican Republic on individual and collective
  empowerment)

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• 3. Entry Points for Disability

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• Data Availability
• WHO-World Bank World Report on Disability
  best source of internationally comparable data,
  but
• Considerable efforts made to improve disability
  data. But need more robust, comparable, and
  complete data collection especially in developing
  countries.
• Data on disability are scarce (only for 60
  countries the disability prevalence rate was
  estimated) and outdated (data from the 1970s
  Congo - and 1980s). Better with the national
  health surveys data from 1996 to 2008.
• Only years of health lost due to disability
  (YLD) is computed for almost all member states.
  WHO modeling exercise based on a not completely
  settled and criticized methodology.

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More can be done at National Level
Bosnia and Herzegovina HDR 2007

• People with disabilities, as confirmed by the
  experience of many countries, are more vulnerable
  to poverty and social exclusion. The analysis
  made by for Bosnia and Herzegovina, based on the
  2001 LSMS results, showed that having a
  disability or special needs increases the
  likelihood of becoming poor by 18.

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More can be done at National Level

• All problems relating to the social exclusion of
  people with physical disability in Croatia stem
  from insufficient and inadequate representation
  in the political process. However, there is a
  substantial segment of this population that does
  not feel excluded from society, because of the
  support afforded to them by their family and
  friends. Family that acts as the main support for
  the disabled person also requires support from
  the community, and from the state. Regardless of
  the amount of support given to the disabled,
  their quality of life will not improve without
  self-acceptance. This is why it is necessary to
  empower disabled people, to challenge the culture
  of complacency, thus enabling their full
  integration into all spheres of social relations

Croatia HDR 2006
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More can be done at National Level

• the co-ordination of common human development
  problems and issues, which are related to the
  realisation of the rights of citizens who have
  limited abilities due to physical, psychological,
  intellectual or sensory deficits, is one of the
  most important indicators. It defines the degree
  of the governments obligation for the citizens
  at present, the focus on the fair future, and
  also of how effective the system of state
  management is in order to achieve objectives of
  the stable development of the country in general

Kazakhstan HDR 2009
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Resources
The HDR website http//hdr.undp.org/en/ The
HDR Database http//hdr.undp.org/en/reports/ Tak
e the Human Development Journey
http//learning.undp.org/ Join HDR-net
hdr-et_at_groups.undp.org Join the HD space in
Teamworks https//undp.unteamworks.org/node/16796
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Thank you!Paola.pagliani_at_undp.org