Training on Inclusive Development.

1
Training on Inclusive Development.

• Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo
• Disability Advisor EAP World Bank
• 11/12 July 2006.

2
Objectives of the WB

• Poverty reduction sustainable development.
• Priorities embodied in the MDGs.
• Reaching the poorest of the poor.
• The WB estimates that there are approximately 1.3
  billion people living below the poverty line
  worldwide of which people with disabilities make
  up around 20 of the poorest of the poor.

3
Reaching the poorest

• This translates into an estimated 260 million
  PWDs living in absolute poverty.
• 1 in 5 people living on less than a 1 a day have
  a disability.
• To reach the poorest of the poor most isolated
  citizens, poverty reduction efforts need to
  target issues affecting PWDs develop policies
  programmes aimed at reducing their poverty.

4
Defining disability

• Disability is not simply a medical condition
• Rather it results from the physical, mental, or
  sensory impairments with culture, social
  institutions physical environments.
• When a person has an impairment which limits some
  aspect of their functioning it only becomes a
  disabling condition if they are confronted with
  barriers to things like health services,
  education, employment, public services
  infrastructure.

5
Barriers

• Could be physical barriers, programmatic
  barriers, or cultural barriers- stigma social
  exclusion.
• Disability grows out of an interaction between
  human functioning an environment which does not
  account for different levels of functioning.

6
Some facts about disability.

• It affects not only the person with a disability,
  but the family, the community society at large.
• Women girls with disabilities often face double
  discrimination.
• Aging increases disability.

7
In EAP alone.

• WB/WHO estimate approximately 400 million
  persons with disabilities live in EAP
  regioncomprising almost 2/3 of the worlds
  disabled population.

8
What we do know?

• The number of people with disabilities continues
  to increase in tandem with growth of the world
  population.
• Factors causing the increase include war other
  forms of violence, inadequate medical care,
  natural other natural disasters.

9
The profile of disability

• Many people with disabilities are poor.
• Global estimates indicate that
• 90 of them are illiterate,
• 40 are poor
• 80 -live in isolated rural areas.
• Almost that many live in areas where the services
  needed to help them are unavailable.

10
Disability in EAP Poverty Dimensions of
Disability

• Poor more likely to be disabled
• Disabled more likely to be poor
• Low education/high illiteracy
• Lower rates of economic activity
• Poor nutrition
• Less access to basic services
• Lower economic status
• Families affected
• PWD likely to not work
• Another family member caregiver
• Cost of healthcare and services higher

11
Poverty and Disability

• For people with disabilities, poverty is
  multidimensional. It is characterized by
• Material deprivation (low consumptionfood--,poor
  housing)
• Low human development (education and health)
• Lack of voice and ability to influence decisions
  that affect their lives
• Acute vulnerability to adverse shocks (illness,
  economic crises, natural disasters, conflict).

12
Poverty cycle.

• There is a clear indication that poor people with
  disabilities are more likely to be caught in a
  vicious cycle of poverty and disability, each
  being both a cause a consequence of the other.
• People with disabilities face discrimination,
  social exclusion stigma from the moment they
  are perceived to have an impairment.

13
Disability Poverty.

• Poverty is fundamentally an issue of exclusion.
• Integrating disability into operations research
  does not involve creating a separate agenda to be
  added on.
• It requires innovation improving what already
  exists.

14
Things are Changing

• People with disabilities are increasingly
  demanding to be part of society.
• Policy makers, planners International agencies
  have realized that there is no way the MDGs can
  be achieved without reaching the most vulnerable
  groups in society.
• It is now universally recognized that there can
  be no sustainable development without inclusive
  development.

15
Paradigm shift

• Moving towards the social model.
• More integrated
• It conceptualizes disability as an interaction
  between individual limitations the environment.
• In contrast the medical model which focused on
  the medical condition of the person.

16
The social model

• Is rights based
• It is more cost effective
• More sustainable can be used to combat poverty.
• Critical for developing countries.

17
WHY BANK INVOLVEMENT?

• Link between disability and poverty
• Poor disproportionately disabled
• Disabled disproportionately poor
• High actual vs. reported prevalence high cost
• Percent of population not working
• High dropout rates, remaining out-of-school
  children
• Low cost prevention and early interventions
  higher productivity
• Cost effective inclusion

18
Strategies for inclusive development.

• Must include two aspects.
• Prevention
• Integration
• 80 of disabilities stem from preventable causes.
  
• (malnutrition, natural disasters, disease,
  conflict, traffic other injuries, birth).

19
It requires

• Addressing disability requires a multi-sectoral
  approach.
• Disability is a cross cutting issue affects all
  aspects of planning.
• It requires innovation flexibility- stepping
  outside of the box.

20
How to do we . . . ?.

• Achieve inclusive development requires the
  application of three principles as well as
  the general principles found in a new UN Human
  Rights Convention being developed for people with
  disabilities.

21
The Three Principles

• Should be seen not only as goals and objectives,
  but as the processes through which inclusive
  development for people with disabilities is
  achieved

22
1. Access

• People with disabilities should enjoy access to
  the built environment, transportation,
  information communications,
• so that they may be full participants in all
  aspects of life, fully enjoy the full range of
  human rights.

23
2. Equity

• People with disabilities should enjoy equitable
  access to the benefits resulting from development
  activities.
• These activities should promote
  non-discrimination equal opportunities for
  people with disabilities to participate in every
  facet of life civil, political, economic, social
  cultural.

24
3. Inclusion

• People with disabilities should be accepted as
  equal partners in development, be included as
  full participants in all development activities.
• People with disabilities should be part of the
  PRSP consultations.
• In the CAS.

25
Inclusion essential for success

• Strengthening the disability policy focus of
  PRSPs is essential to the success of their
  strategies for 2 reasons.
• Disability is a significant factor of extreme
  poverty in developing countries.
• Unless people with disabilities are included in
  the PRSPs - it is unlikely that most of the MDGs
  will be met.

26
Real Life

• It will not happen over night.
• Need to have real people involved.
• This a complex set of concepts and requires a
  range of different actors.
• While it is complex it is not insurmountable
  there already a number of good practices.
• We need to work with DPOs share knowledge.

27

• Finally, the rationale for including people with
  disabilities in development projects is not only
  a moral obligation but a legally binding
  imperative.