End of WWI & The Peace Settlements

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End of WWI The Peace Settlements
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I. Important Dates

• Armistice
• 11/11/1918 _at_ 11 a.m.

• Paris Peace Conference
• January 1919

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II. What factors contributed to the end of WWI?

• war weariness
• strikes in Germany
• Russian Revolution
• US entry
• 2nd Battle of the Marne

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III. What happened in the German Revolution of
1918?

• Events
• July 1917 moderates pass peace resolution
• July 1918 2nd Battle of the Marne
• Oct kaiser forms new govt. to sue for peace
• Nov working class / army revolts ?

German Empire Kaiser Wilhelm II
overthrow kaiser establish Weimar
Republic (Nov. 9)
Weimar Republic Friedrich Ebert
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III. What happened in the German Revolution of
1918?

• Who gained power
• liberals socialists Social Democrats
• communists unsuccessful

Friedrich Ebert
Karl Liebknecht
Rosa Luxemburg
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III. How will the German Revolution of 1918 open
the door for Hitler?

• Weimar Republic signs armistice Versailles
  Treaty blamed for accepting defeat

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IV. Paris Peace Conference

• 27 nations (no Germany or Russia)
• Big Four
• Lloyd George (GB)
• Clemenceau (Fr)
• Wilson (US)
• Orlando (It)

Lloyd George, Orlando, Clemenceau, Wilson
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IV. Paris Peace Conference

• Agendas of the Big Three
• Wilson just peace
• 14 Points self-determination League of Nations
• Lloyd George moderate peace
• voter pressure for harsh peace
• Clemenceau harsh peace
• Franco-Prussian War (1871) harsh peace

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IV. Paris Peace Conference

• 5 treaties
• Versailles (Germany)
• St. Germain (Austria)
• Trianon (Hungary)
• Sèvres, 1920 / Lausanne, 1923 (Turkey)
• Neuilly (Bulgaria)
• 2 main issues
• territorial changes based on self-determination
• reparations

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V. Treaty of Versailles (28 June 1919)

• Terms
• ? military
• ? land
• war guilt
• reparations (33b)
• US did not ratify
• Henry Cabot Lodge
• League of Nations

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VI. Postwar Territorial Changes
Germany
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• Which countries in Europe were born out of WWI?
• Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia
• Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland,
  Bessarabia (Moldova)

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• Which countries in the ME were born out of WWI?
• Lebanon, Syria (France)
• Palestine, Transjordan, Iraq (GB)
• Turkey (ind.)

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• League of Nations Mandates
• (Middle East Africa)
• French Mandate of Syria
• French Mandate of Lebanon
• British Mandate of Palestine
• British Mandate of Transjordan
• British Mandate of Iraq
• British Togoland
• French Togoland
• British Cameroon
• French Cameroon
• Ruanda-Urundi
• Tanganyika
• South-West Africa

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• Was the Versailles Treaty a just peace????