????CAQDAs???

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????CAQDAs???

• ????????
• ????
• ?????

2
? 4-1 ?????????
3

• ??????????????GT??,???????(qualitative
  research)??,???????B. G. Glaser)?A. L. Strauss?J.
  Corbin??,??????????????????1967????????????(The
  Discovery of Grounded Theory)???,?????????????????
  ??(Glaser Strauss, 1967)?

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• ????(Grounded Theory)???????????(???,2003),???????
  ???GT??,???????????????????(Hammersley,
  1989)????????Bamey G. Glaser(1930-1952)?Anselm L.
  Strauss(1916-1996)?J. Corbin??,Glaser?Strauss?1967
  ???????,????????????????????????????,?????????????
  ??????????????,?????????  

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• Grounded theory is generated not only from data
  but most hypotheses and concepts of the theory
  generated in relation to the data (Patton, 1990,
  p.67).

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• Grounded theory is an approach in which "the
  researcher attempts to derive a theory by using
  multiple stages of data collection and the
  refinement and interrelationship of categories of
  information" (Creswell, 1994, p.12).

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• The interest in grounded theory methodology for
  physical therapy research has grown in recent
  years. Grounded theory is a qualitative research
  methodology, initially developed by sociologists
  Barney Glaser and Anselm L. Strauss. Significant
  variations in the approach were later introduced
  by Strauss and Corbin.

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• ?????1960??Barney Glaser?Anselm
  Strauss????????????,??????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????,????????????????
  ??????????????????????

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• ???????????????????????????????,???????,?????????,
  ????????????????????,????????????????(???,???,200
  0)?

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grounded theory????

• ??????????????,???????????(core)????????????,????
  ???????????????????????????(memo),????????????????
  ???????Glaser? Strauss??,?????????????
• ??????????(1)????(2)????(coding paradigm)
• ?????(think interactionally)
• ?? ??(1)?????(open coding)(2)??(3)?????(4)????
  ?(????????)?(???,?85)

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• 1990?,???????????????(Basics of Qualitative
  Research)??,?????????know-how???????(Strauss
  Corbin,1990)?

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• ??????????????????????????????,???????????????????
  ????????,?????????????????????????,??????????,????
  ??????????????????(???,2003b)?

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• ????????????????,??????????????????????????(Straus
  s Corbin, 1990 1998)?

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1.????(open coding)

• ??????????,?????????(categories)??????????????,???
  ?(fracturing),????????????????????(Priest,
  Roberts, Woods, 2002)???,???????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????,?????????
  ??????????????,????????,???????????????

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????(open coding)II

• ???(2000)???????????,??????????????????????(centra
  l phenomenon)(???????),??????????????(causal
  conditions)(????),??????????????????(strategies),?
  ??????????(context)?????(intervening
  conditions),???????????????(consequences)???,?????
  ?????? (paradigm model)?(A)?????(B)???(C)?????(D)?
  ????(E)??/?????(F)???

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????(open coding)III

• Open coding involves naming and categorising
  phenomena through close examination of the data
  (Strauss Corbin, 1990). ( Carnwell, 2000 )

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2.????(axial coding)

• ???????????????????????,?????????????????????????,
  ????????,??????????????????????????Strauss
  Corbin (1998) ??????????????????,
  ??????????????????,???????????????????????????????
  ????,???????????
• ????????????,Strauss Corbin (1998)
  ?????????????????????????????????????,
  ?????????????????????????,?????????,???????????(P
  riest, Roberts, Woods, 2002)?

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3.?????(Selective coding)

• ???(2000)????????????????????? (story
  line),???????????????????,??????,?????????,?????(n
  arrative form)?????
• ?????????????????,?????????????????????,??????????
  ??????????????????????????,????,??????????????????
  ??????,???????????????,????????????(Priest,
  Roberts, Woods, 2002)?

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Yvonne D. Eaves?????????????

• (1)?????????????????????
• (2)?????????????????????????????????????????
• (3)???????????????
• (4)????????????????(clusters)?

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• (5)?????????
• (6)????????1??????1 ?
• (7)???????
• (8)???????????????????
• Strauss?Corbin(1990)??????????????(categories),??
  ??????,?????????????,??????,?????????????????
•  

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• (9)????????
• (10)????????????(basic social psychological
  process,BSPP)???????(basic social
  process,BSP)????
• (11)?????????????
• (12)?Glaser and Strauss???,?????????????????,?????
  ??????(Eaves, 2001)?

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• ?????????????????????,??AFTER?AnSWR?AQUAD?QUALOG?
  CAQDAS?ATLAS/ti?QCA?NVivo?Code-A-Text?HyperRESEARC
  H?NUDIST?

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• Basit, T. (2003). Manual or electronic? The role
  of coding in qualitative data analysis.
• The computer and the text analysis packages do
  not do the analysis for the researcher. The user
  must still create the categories, do segmenting
  and coding, and decide what to retrieve and
  collate.

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• The programmes, nevertheless, take over the
  marking up, cutting, sorting, reorganizing and
  collecting tasks qualitative researchers used to
  do with scissors and paper and note cards
  (Weitzman and Miles, 1995).

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• CAQDAS can be distinguished into three general
  types, namely (a) text retrievers
  (b)coders-and-text retrievers and (c) theory
  builders (Fielding, 1994 Weitzman Miles,
  1995).

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????????

• ????????
• ???????????
• ????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????,???????????
• ?????????????????????(text)?
• ?????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????,??????????????

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????(?)

• ???????????????????????,???????????
• ??????????????????????
• ????????????????????????,???????
• ????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????,?????
• ????????????????????
• ???????????????????

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• ?????????

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????

• ??dynamic
• timbre ??
• tempo ??
• duration ??
• pitch ??
• harmony ??

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?????????

• e.g.,????
• ???????????,
• ???????????,
• ?????????????,
• ??????????????

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??? (1994)

• ??????????----????????

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????

• ?????????,??????,????????????????????,????????????
  ??????????????????,
• ????????????????????,
• ??????,???????????????????????,
• ??????????????????(????????????????????????????)??
  ????????????(????????????????????????????),???????
  ???????????

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• ????????????????????,??????????????????????????(??
  ????,??????????)???,????????????????????????,?????
  ??????????,??????????????????????????????????(????
  ???????????)???,?????????????

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• ?????????e.g.,
• ????????????????????????????????????????,???????
  ??????????
• ???????????????????????????????,Paul
  Stoller?,????,??????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????? 861-28?
• ???????(2003)??????????????????????,?????????????
  ???????????,?????????????????

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????

• ??????????????
• QSR N6??
• Nvivo 7??
• Endnote 9??
• ?????

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???? ??????????????

• Q????????????????

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??????????(Computer-assisted qualitative data
analysis software , CAQDAS)??

• ATLAS.ti
• askSam
• Folio Views
• Idealist
• Info Tree 32XT
• Kwalitan
• QuALPRO
• MartinAFTER

• AnSWR
• AQUAD?
• Code-A-Text
• HyperRESEARCH
• QCA, Ethnograph
• WinMAX
• Data Collector
• NVivo
• NUDIST

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ATLAS.ti

• ???????????????????????????ATLAS(1989-1992)??????
  ?,1993?????,1997???ATLAS.ti???Windows4.1?,2004????
  ????

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ATLAS.ti

• ???????????????,?????????????,????????????????????
  ???????????????????,??????????????????????,???????
  ????????????????????????????,??EXCEL?POWERPOINT??
  ???????,??????????????????????????????????????????
  ??,???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????,????????????

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AnSWR

• ????????????,??????????????????????????,??????????
  ????,??????????,????????,?????????

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Code-A-Text(CISAID)

• CISAID(???????-????????)???????????,???????????,??
  ??????????CISAID???????????????????,??????????????
  ???????????,?????????,?????????????????(lexicon)??
  ??????????(acoustic manager)?

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EZText

• ???NudIst????,????????????,?????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????,????????????????,??????,???????????????

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ETHNO

• ?????????????????,?????????????

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NVivo 7

• Nvivo???????????,2006??7.0?,????????,?????????????
  ??????????????,????????,??????,??????????,????????
  ?????,?????????????????????????????

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NVivo 8

• 2008?3?,QSR?????????Nvivo 8
• 8????

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• ???????,????????,???????,??????????,???????????,?
  ????????????????????????????????????????????,?????
  ???????????????????,?????????????????????,????????
  ?????????????

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Ethnography

• ????????,????????????,??????,?????????????,???????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????
• ?????????????????????????,??????????????,?????????
  ?????,?????????????????????
• ???????
• ??????
• ??????????(highlight)??????????????,??????????????
  ??????????????
• ?????Internet??????,??????????,????????????,??Eth
  nograph,???????????????,??????????????(surrounded)
  ,????,????????????????

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Folio Views4.11

• ??????????,?????????????????????,??????????,??????
  ???????????????,????????????

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HYPERQUAL

• ?????????????,??????????,???????????,?????????????
  ???????????

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HyperResearch

• ???????????,???2.6?,??????????????????,???????????
  ????????????,????????????????
• ??????????????????
• ??????????????????,???????
• ????????,???????????

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MAXqda

• ???????????,??00????MAXqda.
• ???????????????????????????????,???????????????
• ?????????????EXCEL,????SPSS?Excel??????
• ????????????,???????????????????,????,??????????
• ??????????,???????????

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QDA Miner

• ????????????????????????????,
• ?????????????,

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(No Transcript)
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• Carnwell, R. (2000). Approaches to Study and
  their Impact on the Need for Support and Guidance
  in Distance Learning. Open Learning, 15(2),
  123-140. Retrieved Monday, September 25, 2006
  from the Education Research Complete database.

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• ??????????????????????,??,????????????????????????
  ??????????????????,????????????,????CAQDAS????????
  ??????(Van Hoven Poelman, 2003)???????????????,?
  ????????????????????????????????(?????),??????????
  ?(?????),???????(?????),????(??????)(Creswell,
  1998 74)??????,??????????

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• ??CAQDAS???,??????????????????????????CAQDAS??????
  ??(Betts, n. d.)?????????????????,????????????????
  ?(Dey, 1993 Taft, 1993)?

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• CAQDAS??????????????,???????????????,CAQDAS???????
  ??????,??Coffey, Holbrook?Atkinson????????????????
  ??(??O'Reilly, 2005)???,Morison?Moir(1998)????????
  ?????????????????????????????,???CAQDAS??????????
  ?,??,??????????,??CAQDAS??????(???????)??????