Fetal Pig Dissection Review

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Fetal Pig Dissection Review

• IQs and Key Figures to Know

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Introductory Website Activity

• Online Exercise Questions from the following
  website
• http//www.bio.davidson.edu/Courses/bio112/Bio112L
  abMan/cppig.html

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Dissection of the Fetal Pig - Introductory
Preparation 

• IQ 1 
• 1. How many units are there in the manual? Which
  units have over six pages?
• 2. Using the anatomical directional terms written
  on page 4, determine which terms refer to...
  a)towards the head, b) towards the back, c)
  towards the toes, d) towards the middle.
• 3. What is the genus and species name for the
  domestic pig? What 2 characteristics are seen in
  all mammals?
• 4. A mammal that has 2 or more types of teeth has
  _______ dentition.
• 5. Pigs are considered to be even-toed ungulates.
  What other animals have similar settings?
• 6. What is the typical life span for a fetal pig?
  How many lbs. could the domestic pig weigh? How
  many offspring can a pig have?
• 7. How have pigs been useful subjects for humans
  other than for consumption (eating)?

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Unit 1 External Features Intro To Your Pig

• Lab Partners names
• Personal name of your pig
• Take a close look at your pig, and give a boys
  and girls name, as you will determine the sex
  later.
• Length of speicimen ______ cm ______ days
• Measure from tip of nose to base of tail (See
  pg. 7)
• Use piece of string and ruler

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Unit 1 External Features Intro To Your Pig

• IQ 2
• Name 3 important functions of the skin for your
  pig.
• What are the two layers of the skin?
• Name the four main sections of the pig.
• Another name for the nostrils are __________.
  What function does the nasal cavity serve?
• Does your pig have any teeth? Look inside and
  check.
• The third eyelid is called a(n)_______. What
  purpose does it serve?
• Try to find this structure, you may need to
  make a small incision starting from the inner
  corner of the eye.
• Another name for the external ears is/are _____
  and the openings is called the ______.

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• The trunk of your pig can be divided into the
  ______ and ______.
• On the abdomen, what do you notice is present?
  What is the name for these structures? How many
  pairs are there?
• 10. What was the umbilical cord attached to? How
  far should you cut the umbilical from the
  abdomen? (Make the cut.) How many blood vessels
  do you see? How many of these are arteries? How
  many are veins? Does the blood from the fetus
  ever mix with the mother's?
• 11. Another name for the caudal opening of the
  digestive tract is _________________.
• 12. Following the directions on page 12, 
  determine if your pig is a male or a female and
  be sure the correct name you've chosen is written
  on you bag. Males have a sac structure called a
  ________________ vs. females having
  _________________.

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IQ 3 - Unit 2 The Skeleton

• What does the bone consist of? What makes bones
  hard?
• What is the function of the bone?
• Name the three types of joints.
• Why cant we use the fetal pig to study bones?
• What part makes up the axial skeleton?
• How many vertebral bones compose the cervical and
  thoracic areas. How do pigs differ with humans?
• How many vertebral bones make up the lumbar and
  the sacral area in pigs? How do humans differ?
• Name all the bones that make the cranium.
• How many bones are facial?
• How many ribs do pigs have? How do false ribs
  differ from floating ribs?
• Name all the bones that make up the appendicular
  skeleton.

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Dissection Tasks

• (1 of 5) - Scribe I.Q.s clarify questions and
  answers. Make sure everyone is provided w/
  required information ex) List of parts with
  focus.
• (1 of 5) Equipment overseer 2 scissors, 3
  tweezers, 1 scalpel, 2 strings 40, cup
  pipette.
• (2 of 4) Dissectors/Assistant - Observe the
  dissection procedures and share with rest of the
  group.
• (1 of 5) Photographer, researcher

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IQ 4 Unit 3 The Muscle

• How many types of muscle tissue are there? Name
  them. Which types are voluntary and which ones
  are involuntary?
• What muscles have striations?
• Do muscles push or pull parts of the body?
• When starting your dissection, what do you need
  the string for?
• Your first incision needs to be SHALLOW and start
  at the ______ and continue up the _______.
• Your second cut is along the ________.
• The third cut is laterally across the _____ and
  along each____.
• What do you need to do at the wrist?
• How does your cut differ in male vs. female pig?

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Muscles of the Throat Chest
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Muscles for Lateral Aspect
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Shoulder Muscles
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IQ 4 Unit 3 The Muscle

• 10. The following are responsible for what kinds
  of movements? Abductors, extensors, and
  constrictors.
• 11. The 2 adductor muscles of the shoulder are
  the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor.
  Identify them on your pig and ID/name the
  opposing abductors.
• 12. The triangular shaped muscle in the shoulder
  is called the ________.
• 13. The flexors of the upper arm include the ____
  and ____.
• 14. The extensor of the upper arm is the _____.
• 15. In the neck, what are the functions of the
  following muscles? Masseter, Brachiocephalicus,
  Splenius (Identify and locate these muscles in
  your pig.)
• 16. Which muscles of the pig do we get bacon?
• 17. Which muscles do we get smoked ham from?
  (Fig. 14)

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List of Muscles Lateral View

• Latissimus Dorsi
• Triceps
• Deltoids
• Trapezius
• Masseter
• Brachiocephalic
• Brachioradialus
• Extensor radialus
• Extensor communis
• Extensor lateralis
• Extensor ulnaris

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List of Muscles Ventral View

• Sternohyoid
• Brachiocephalic
• Latissimus Dorsi
• Pectoralis Major
• Pectoralis Minor
• List of Muscles Lat. View of Hind
  limb Abdomen
• Biceps Femoris
• Gluteus maximus
• Gluteus medius (medialis)
• External Obliques
• Semitendinosus

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IQ 5 - Unit 5 Respiratory System

• How many lobes are labeled in Fig.16 (p.27)? Name
  these lobes.
• How does the trachea differ from the larynx?
• What function does cilia and the rings of the
  cartilage serve?
• List the following structures in order from the
  largest to the smallest bronchioles, lungs,
  alveoli, bronchi, secondary bronchi
• How many lobes are there for the right lung? Left
  lung? Why do you think there is a difference?
• Locate/identify the pulmonary arteries
  pulmonary veins. What color is each vessel?
• What two cavities are separated by the diaphragm?
• When the diaphragm contracts, is it moving up or
  down? Does this cause an inhaling or an exhaling
  reaction?

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IQ 6 - Unit 6 Digestive System

• Name the five structures you need to identify in
  the pigs mouth. (Fig.18) Make a cut on each side
  of the jaw to the mouth to open wider. See pg.
  31
• What function does saliva serve?
• Is the soft palate toward the front or the back
  of the mouth?
• What purpose does the epiglottis serve?
• How many lobes is the liver divided into? Name
  each lobe.
• The veins of the liver are called the
  _____________ system.
• What substance is stored in the gall bladder?
  Where is this substance made? What purpose does
  it serve?
• Name the tubular structure that emerges from the
  gallbladder that serves to allow bile to travel
  to the small intestine.
• Name the 3 functions of the liver.
• What are the 2 substances (digestive juices)
  released in the stomach?
• Name the circular muscle that prevents food from
  passing back up the esophagus.
• What is the name of the green substance found
  inside your pigs stomach?
• What function does the pyloric sphincter serve?
• What function does the pancreas and the spleen
  serve? Are they both part of the digestive
  system?
• Why is the pancreas considered to be a dual
  function organ?

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IQ 6 - Unit 6 Digestive System

• How long can the intestine be in your fetal pig?
  Name the divisions of the small intestine.
  Which one of the 3 segments is the shortest?
  Which is the longest?
• Material is prevented from passing prematurely
  into the large intestine (from the small
  intestine) by a sphincter known as the
  ________________________ valve.
• What does the surface of the small intestine look
  like inside? What causes this appearance?
• Name the three parts/regions of the large
  intestine. (not including the rectum and the
  anus, as mentioned in the dissection guide)
• What purpose do the variety of bacteria play in
  the large intestine? (pg. 36)

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Identifying the Structures of the Digestive System

• Hard palate
• Soft palate
• Esophagus
• Liver (be able to name the 4 lobes)
• Stomach (be able to identify cardiac region
  pyloric region)
• Spleen (Is it a digestive organ?)
• Pancreas
• Small intestine (Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum)
• Large intestine (Fig.22 on p.35)
• Isolate the small intestine

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Unit 7 Circulatory System

• (Pgs. 37-43)

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Identifying the Structures of the Systemic Circuit

• Locate Identify the following Vessels
• Carotid Arteries, Jugular Veins
• Subclavian Brachial Arteries (upper
  extremities)
• Abdominal Aorta Vena Cava
• Iliac Femoral Arteries (lower Extremities)
• Hepatic Arteries Portal Veins
• Renal Arteries Veins
• Mesenteric Arteries Veins
• Cross Section of the Heart
• ID Four Chambers
• Coronary Arteries
• Attempt to visualize the Four Valves
• Pulmonary Arteries and Veins
• Track the circulation of blood through the heart
• (Figs. 25,26, 27)

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Introductory Questions 7

• Which side of the heart pumps blood to the
  pulmonary circuit? Do these vessels carry oxygen
  rich or oxygen poor blood? What is the name of
  the membrane that surrounds covers the heart?
• Blood that has been fully oxygenated leaves the
  heart through ____________ and transported to the
  rest of the body. Which side of the heart is the
  tricuspid atrioventricular valve (AV) located?
  How is this valve different from the mitral
  valve?
• Arteries and veins that enter and leave the a)
  kidneys b) liver are called __________ arteries
  and _________ veins.
• Venous blood enters the heart through the
  _________.
• Name the arteries that supply the brain. Where
  are the iliac and femoral vessels located?
• Trace the circulation pathway throughout the body
  starting at the right atrium. When is the blood
  oxygenated deoxygenated?
• http//www.hillstrath.on.ca/moffatt/bio3a/fetalpig
  /frame01.htm
• (Very helpful pictures for the circulatory
  system arteries and veins.)

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Thoracic Cavity-Arteries to Know
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Vascular System-Abdominal Cavity (Pgs 41 42)
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Circulation through the Heart

• Superior Inferior (Anterior Posterior Vena
  Cava)
• Right Atrium
• Tricuspid Atrioventricular (AV) Valve
• Right Ventricle
• Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
• Pulmonary Arteries
• Lungs
• Pulmonary Veins
• Left Atrium
• Bicuspid (Mitral) AV Valve
• Left Ventricle
• Aortic Semilunar Valve
• Aortic Arch Systemic Circuit

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Pathway of Circulation
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Introductory Questions 8 Urinary System

• What is the function of the kidneys? What are the
  functional units found within the kidneys?
• Remove the left kidney. Cut longitudinally.
  Identify the three regions and name them. (see
  Fig. 32 on p.45)
• Locate identify the tubular structures that a)
  emerges out of the kidneys b) emerges from the
  bladder.
• Name the glands located on the anterior surface
  of the kidney. What does this gland release?
• Locate identify Cortex, Medulla, Renal pelvis,
  
• Renal arteries veins, Ureter,
• Renal pyramid (attempt to view),
• Bladder, Pubis

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Thoracic Cavity-Arteries to Know
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Veins to know in the throat Thoracic Cavity
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Intro.Ques.9 Reproductive System

• How many ova can a pig release during ovulation?
• Where are the ovaries located?
• Name the structure that transports the egg from
  the ovary to the uterus.
• During pregnancy, what structure is sealed? What
  purpose does this serve?
• What do the testes produce?
• What purpose does the scrotum serve?
• Where are the bulbourethral glands located? Name
  the two other glands that are found in the male
  reproductive system.
• Where are sperm cells stored after being produced
  in the testes?

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Intro.Ques.10 Nervous System

• How is the central nervous system different from
  peripheral?
• What purpose does the meninges serve? Name the
  three layers of tissue that make up the meninges.
  (use your text if necessary)
• How are gyri different from sulci?
• Name the structure that separates the two
  hemispheres of the brain.
• Where do I have to look to see the cerebral
  cortex?
• How is the cerebellum different from the
  cerebrum?
• Which structure is more inferior, the medulla
  oblongata or the pons?
• If we dissected and removed the brain how would
  it be cut? What structure will you be able to
  see easily once you have made this cross section?
  What function does this structure serve? See
  pg. 51)
• How many total cranial nerves come out of the
  brain?
• How is gray matter different from white matter?
  Which one is observed in the cerebral cortex?