Fetal Pig Dissection Review

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Fetal Pig Dissection Review

• IQs and Key Figures to Know

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Online Exercise

• Online Exercise Questions from the following
  website
• http//www.bio.davidson.edu/Courses/bio112/Bio112L
  abMan/cppig.html

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Dissection of the Fetal Pig - Introductory
Preparation 

• IQ 1 
• 1. How many units are there in the manual? Which
  units have over six pages?
• 2. Using the anatomical directional terms written
  on page 4, determine which terms refer to...
  a)towards the head, b) towards the back, c)
  towards the toes, d) towards the middle.
• 3. What is the genus and species name for the
  domestic pig? What 2 characteristics are seen in
  all mammals?
• 4. A mammal that has 2 or more types of teeth has
  _______ dentition.
• 5. Pigs are considered to be even-toed ungulates.
  What other animals have similar settings?
• 6. What is the typical life span for a fetal pig?
  How many lbs. could the domestic pig weigh? How
  many offspring can a pig have?
• 7. How have pigs been useful subjects for humans
  other than for consumption (eating)?
• Do Questions 1-5 (pg. 6)

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Instrument Count List

• Find your instrument bag that you used during the
  rat dissection. Your names should be written on
  the bags
• Inspect clean your instruments. If you need
  any replacements let me know.
• Be sure to count, clean, and organize your
  instruments daily.
• Always seal your pig an airtight ziplock baggie
  in order to keep you pig preserved as long as
  possible.

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IQ 1 (contd) Unit 1 External Features
Intro To Your Pig

• Lab Partner(s) name
• Personal name of your pig
• Take a close look at your pig, and name it.
  You may want to have a boy name and girl name
  picked out as you will determine the sex later.
• Length of specimen ______ cm ______ days
• Measure from tip of nose to base of tail (See
  pg. 7)
• Use piece of string and ruler

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Unit 1 External Features Intro To Your Pig

• IQ 2
• Name 3 important functions of the skin for your
  pig.
• What are the two layers of the skin?
• Name the four main sections of the pig.
• Another name for the nostrils are __________.
  What function does the nasal cavity serve?
• Does your pig have any teeth? Look inside and
  check.
• The third eyelid is called a(n)_______. What
  purpose does it serve?
• Try to find this structure, you may need to
  make a small incision starting from the inner
  corner of the eye.
• Another name for the external ears is/are _____
  and the openings is called the ______.

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• The trunk of your pig can be divided into the
  ______ and ______.
• On the abdomen, what do you notice is present?
  What is the name for these structures? How many
  pairs are there?
• 10. What was the umbilical cord attached to? How
  far should you cut the umbilical from the
  abdomen? (Make the cut.) How many blood vessels
  do you see? How many of these are arteries? How
  many are veins? Does the blood from the fetus
  ever mix with the mother's?
• 11. Another name for the caudal opening of the
  digestive tract is _________________.
• Following the directions on page 12,  determine
  if your pig is a male or a female and be sure the
  correct name you've chosen is written on you bag.
  Males have a sac structure called a
  ________________ vs. females having
  _________________.
• Questions 1-5 (pg. 9)

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External Features
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Cross Sectional Planes
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Male vs. Female
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IQ 3 - Unit 2 The Skeleton (HOMEWORK)

• What does the bone consist of? What makes bones
  hard?
• What is the function of the bone?
• Name the three types of joints.
• Why cant we use the fetal pig to study bones?
• What part makes up the axial skeleton?
• How many vertebral bones compose the cervical and
  thoracic areas. How do pigs differ with humans?
• How many vertebral bones make up the lumbar and
  the sacral area in pigs? How do humans differ?
• Name all the bones that make the cranium.
• How many bones are facial?
• How many ribs do pigs have? How do false ribs
  differ from floating ribs?
• Name all the bones that make up the appendicular
  skeleton.
• Questions 1-6 (pg. 16)
• Text Pgs. 206-241

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Fetal Pig Skeleton
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Human Skeleton
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Human vs. Pig Skeleton
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Human vs. Pig Skull
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Vertebral Bones
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IQ 4 Unit 3 The Muscle

• How many types of muscle tissue are there? Name
  them. Which types are voluntary and which ones
  are involuntary?
• What muscles have striations?
• Do muscles push or pull parts of the body?
• When starting your dissection, what do you need
  the string for?
• Your first incision needs to be SHALLOW and start
  at the ______ and continue up the _______.
• Your second cut is along the ________.
• The third cut is laterally across the _____ and
  along each____.
• What do you need to do at the wrist?
• How does your cut differ in male vs. female pig?

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Abduction, Adduction, Flexors, Extensors
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IQ 4 Unit 3 The Muscle

• 10. The following are responsible for what kinds
  of movements? Abductors, extensors, and
  constrictors.
• 11. The 2 adductor muscles of the shoulder are
  the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor.
  Identify them on your pig and ID/name the
  opposing abductors.
• 12. The triangular shaped muscle in the shoulder
  is called the ________.
• 13. The flexors of the upper arm include the ____
  and ____.
• 14. The extensor of the upper arm is the _____.
• 15. In the neck, what are the functions of the
  following muscles? Masseter, Brachiocephalicus,
  Splenius (Identify and locate these muscles in
  your pig.)
• 16. Which muscles of the pig do we get bacon?
• 17. Which muscles do we get smoked ham from?
  (Fig. 14)
• Questions 1-5 (pg. 24) Text Pgs 308-337

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List of Muscles Ventral View

• Sternohyoid
• Brachiocephalic
• Latissimus Dorsi
• Pectoralis Major
• Pectoralis Minor
• List of Muscles Lat. View of Hind
  limb Abdomen
• Biceps Femoris
• Gluteus maximus
• Gluteus medius (medialis)
• External Obliques
• Semitendinosus

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Muscles of the Throat Chest
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Practice Quiz-Muscles
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List of Muscles Lateral View

• Latissimus Dorsi
• Triceps
• Deltoids
• Trapezius
• Masseter
• Brachiocephalic
• Brachioradialus
• Extensor radialus
• Extensor communis
• Extensor lateralis
• Extensor ulnaris

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Muscles for Lateral Aspect
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Shoulder Muscles
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Practice Quiz
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Practice Quiz 3
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Thoracic Cavity-Arteries to Know
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Veins to know in the throat Thoracic Cavity
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IQ 5 - Unit 5 Respiratory System

• How many lobes are labeled in Fig.16 (p.27)? Name
  these lobes.
• How does the trachea differ from the larynx?
• What function does cilia and the rings of the
  cartilage serve?
• List the following structures in order from the
  largest to the smallest bronchioles, lungs,
  alveoli, bronchi, secondary bronchi
• How many lobes are there for the right lung? Left
  lung? Why do you think there is a difference?
• Locate/identify the pulmonary arteries
  pulmonary veins. What color is each vessel?
• What two cavities are separated by the diaphragm?
• When the diaphragm contracts, is it moving up or
  down? Does this cause an inhaling or an exhaling
  reaction?
• Questions 1-5 (pg. 29)
• Text Pgs 754-777

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Thoracic Cavity-Arteries to Know
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Veins to know in the throat Thoracic Cavity
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Unit 6 Digestive System
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Stomach Regions
Pg. 679
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IQ 6 - Unit 6 Digestive System

• Name the five structures you need to identify in
  the pigs mouth. (Fig.18) Make a cut on each side
  of the jaw to the mouth to open wider
• What function does saliva serve?
• Is the soft palate toward the front or the back
  of the mouth?
• What purpose does the epiglottis serve?
• How many lobes is the liver divided into? Name
  each lobe.
• The veins of the liver are called the
  _____________ system.
• What substance is stored in the gall bladder?
  Where is this substance made? What purpose does
  it serve?
• Name the tubular structure that emerges from the
  gallbladder that serves to allow bile to travel
  to the small intestine.
• Name the 3 functions of the liver.
• What are the 2 substances (digestive juices)
  released in the stomach?
• Name the circular muscle that prevents food from
  passing back up the esophagus.
• What is the name of the green substance found
  inside your pigs stomach?
• What function does the pyloric sphincter serve?
• What function does the pancreas and the spleen
  serve? Are they both part of the digestive
  system?
• Why is the pancreas considered to be a dual
  function organ?

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IQ 6 - Unit 6 Digestive System

• How long can the intestine be in your fetal pig?
  Name the divisions of the small intestine.
  Which one of the 3 segments is the shortest?
  Which is the longest?
• Material is prevented from passing prematurely
  into the large intestine (from the small
  intestine) by a sphincter known as the
  ________________________ valve.
• What does the surface of the small intestine look
  like inside? What causes this appearance?
• Name the three parts/regions of the large
  intestine. (not including the rectum and the
  anus, as mentioned in the dissection guide)
• The length of the gastrointestinal tract (GI
  tract) for the fetal pig is estimated to be
  ______________ cm. Measure from the anus
  (detached) to the end of the stomach. Be careful
  of the pancreas. Try not to damage it!!!
• Questions 1-5 (pg. 36)
• Text Pgs678-687 701-707

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Identifying the Structures of the Digestive System

• Hard palate
• Soft palate
• Esophagus
• Liver (be able to name the 4 lobes)
• Stomach (be able to identify cardiac region
  pyloric region)
• Spleen (Is it a digestive organ?)
• Pancreas
• Gall Bladder
• Mesentery
• Small intestine (Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum)
• Large intestine (Fig.22 on p.35)
• Isolate the small intestine measure it. (cm.)

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Unit 7 Circulatory System

• (Pgs. 37-43)

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Identifying the Structures of the Systemic Circuit

• Locate Identify the following Vessels
• Carotid Arteries, Jugular Veins
• Subclavian Brachial Arteries (upper
  extremities)
• Abdominal Aorta Vena Cava
• Iliac Femoral Arteries (lower Extremities)
• Hepatic Arteries Portal Veins
• Renal Arteries Veins
• Mesenteric Arteries Veins
• Cross Section of the Heart
• ID Four Chambers
• Coronary Arteries
• Attempt to visualize the Four Valves
• Pulmonary Arteries and Veins
• Track the circulation of blood through the heart
• (Figs. 25,26, 27)

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Introductory Questions 7

• Which side of the heart pumps blood to the
  pulmonary circuit? Do these vessels carry oxygen
  rich or oxygen poor blood?
• Blood that has been fully oxygenated leaves the
  heart through ____________ and transported to the
  rest of the body.
• Name the arteries and veins located in the
  following regions
• a) kidneys b) liver _______ c) stomach
• d) neck e) upper arm
• 4) Venous blood enters the heart through the
  __________ vessels.
• 5) Name the arteries that supplies blood to the
  brain.
• 6) Trace the circulation pathway throughout the
  body starting at the right atrium. When is the
  blood oxygenated deoxygenated?
• Questions 1-6 (pg. 43)
• Text Pgs 565-570
• http//www.hillstrath.on.ca/moffatt/bio3a/fetalpig
  /frame01.htm
• (Very helpful pictures for the circulatory
  system arteries and veins.)

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Thoracic Cavity-Arteries to Know
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Vascular System-Abdominal Cavity (Pgs 41 42)
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Circulation through the Heart

• Superior Inferior (Anterior Posterior Vena
  Cava)
• Right Atrium
• Tricuspid Atrioventricular (AV) Valve
• Right Ventricle
• Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
• Pulmonary Arteries
• Lungs
• Pulmonary Veins
• Left Atrium
• Bicuspid (Mitral) AV Valve
• Left Ventricle
• Aortic Semilunar Valve
• Aortic Arch Systemic Circuit

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Pathway of Circulation
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Introductory Questions 8 Urinary System

• What is the function of the kidneys? What are the
  functional units found within the kidneys?
• Remove the left kidney. Cut longitudinally.
  Identify the three regions and name them. (see
  Fig. 32 on p.45)
• Locate identify the tubular structures that a)
  emerges out of the kidneys b) emerges from the
  bladder.
• Name the glands located on the anterior surface
  of the kidney.
• Questions 1-4 (pg. 45) Text Pgs 794-802
• Locate identify Cortex, Medulla, Renal pelvis,
  
• Renal arteries veins, Ureter,
• Renal pyramid (attempt to view),
• Bladder, Pubis

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The Kidney
Pg. 793 795
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Male Anatomy
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Vascular System-Abdominal Cavity
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Introductory Questions 9

• Reproductive Unit 9
• Text Pgs 849 866, 872
• The primary reproductive organs are in males and
  the in females.
• How many ova can the female pig release from one
  ovulation event?
• The oviduct in the female pig is the same thing
  as the tube in the human female.
• Name the structure that seals during pregnancy
  and acts as a barrier to infection.
• Why is it important that the testis be out side
  of the abdominal cavity?
• Name the structure that sperm cells are stored
  in.
• Name the structure that connects the epididymis
  to the urethra.
• Name the two types of glands that secrete fluids
  that protect and nourish sperm cells after they
  been produced.
• Questions 1-5 (pg. 47)

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Introductory Questions 10

• Nervous System
• Text Pgs 402
• The nervous system is divided into two parts.
  Name them.
• The three layers of tissue that protects the
  brain is called the _______________.
• The rides of the brain are called ______ and the
  grooves are _____________.
• The left right hemispheres are divided by the
  _____________ _____________.
• The surface of the cerebrum is called the ___
  ____.
• The expanded portion of the spinal cord is called
  the _____.
• After cutting the brain longitudinally, what
  structure is easily seen that connects the left
  and right hemispheres?
• How many pairs of spinal nerves are present?
• What is the difference between gray matter
  white matter?
• Questions 1-6 (pg. 53)

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Lateral View of the Brain
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Regions of the Brain